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Experimental Investigation of the Biofunctional Properties of Nickel–Titanium Alloys Depending on the Type of Production

Nickel–titanium alloys used in dentistry have a variety of mechanical, chemical, and biofunctional properties that are dependent on the manufacturing process. The aim of this study was to compare the mechanical and biofunctional performances of a nickel–titanium alloy produced by the continuous cast...

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Autores principales: Miličić Lazić, Minja, Majerič, Peter, Lazić, Vojkan, Milašin, Jelena, Jakšić, Milica, Trišić, Dijana, Radović, Katarina
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: MDPI 2022
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8955206/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35335323
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules27061960
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author Miličić Lazić, Minja
Majerič, Peter
Lazić, Vojkan
Milašin, Jelena
Jakšić, Milica
Trišić, Dijana
Radović, Katarina
author_facet Miličić Lazić, Minja
Majerič, Peter
Lazić, Vojkan
Milašin, Jelena
Jakšić, Milica
Trišić, Dijana
Radović, Katarina
author_sort Miličić Lazić, Minja
collection PubMed
description Nickel–titanium alloys used in dentistry have a variety of mechanical, chemical, and biofunctional properties that are dependent on the manufacturing process. The aim of this study was to compare the mechanical and biofunctional performances of a nickel–titanium alloy produced by the continuous casting method (NiTi-2) with commercial nitinol (NiTi-1) manufactured by the classical process, i.e., from remelting in a vacuum furnace with electro-resistive heating and final casting into ingots. The chemical composition of the tested samples was analyzed using an energy dispersive X-ray analysis (EDX) and X-ray fluorescence (XRF). Electron backscatter diffraction (EBSD) quantitative microstructural analysis was performed to determine phase distribution in the samples. As part of the mechanical properties, the hardness on the surface of samples was measured with the static Vickers method. The release of metal ions (Ni, Ti) in artificial saliva (pH 6.5) and lactic acid (pH 2.3) was measured using a static immersion test. Finally, the resulting corrosion layer was revealed by means of a scanning electron microscope (SEM), which allows the detection and direct measurement of the formatted oxide layer thickness. To assess the biocompatibility of the tested nickel–titanium alloy samples, an MTT test of fibroblast cellular proliferation on direct contact with the samples was performed. The obtained data were analyzed with the IBM SPSS Statistics v22 software. EDX and XRF analyses showed a higher presence of Ni in the NiTi-2 sample. The EBSD analysis detected an additional NiTi(2)-cubic phase in the NiTi-2 microstructure. Additionally, in the NiTi-2 higher hardness was measured. An immersion test performed in artificial saliva after 7 days did not induce significant ion release in either group of samples (NiTi-1 and NiTi-2). The acidic environment significantly increased the release of toxic ions in both types of samples. However, Ni ion release was two times lower, and Ti ion release was three times lower from NiTi-2 than from NiTi-1. Comparison of the cells’ mitochondrial activity between the NiTi-1 and NiTi-2 groups did not show a statistically significant difference. In conclusion, we obtained an alloy of small diameter with an appropriate microstructure and better response compared to classic NiTi material. Thus, it appears from the present study that the continuous cast technology offers new possibilities for the production of NiTi material for usage in dentistry.
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spelling pubmed-89552062022-03-26 Experimental Investigation of the Biofunctional Properties of Nickel–Titanium Alloys Depending on the Type of Production Miličić Lazić, Minja Majerič, Peter Lazić, Vojkan Milašin, Jelena Jakšić, Milica Trišić, Dijana Radović, Katarina Molecules Article Nickel–titanium alloys used in dentistry have a variety of mechanical, chemical, and biofunctional properties that are dependent on the manufacturing process. The aim of this study was to compare the mechanical and biofunctional performances of a nickel–titanium alloy produced by the continuous casting method (NiTi-2) with commercial nitinol (NiTi-1) manufactured by the classical process, i.e., from remelting in a vacuum furnace with electro-resistive heating and final casting into ingots. The chemical composition of the tested samples was analyzed using an energy dispersive X-ray analysis (EDX) and X-ray fluorescence (XRF). Electron backscatter diffraction (EBSD) quantitative microstructural analysis was performed to determine phase distribution in the samples. As part of the mechanical properties, the hardness on the surface of samples was measured with the static Vickers method. The release of metal ions (Ni, Ti) in artificial saliva (pH 6.5) and lactic acid (pH 2.3) was measured using a static immersion test. Finally, the resulting corrosion layer was revealed by means of a scanning electron microscope (SEM), which allows the detection and direct measurement of the formatted oxide layer thickness. To assess the biocompatibility of the tested nickel–titanium alloy samples, an MTT test of fibroblast cellular proliferation on direct contact with the samples was performed. The obtained data were analyzed with the IBM SPSS Statistics v22 software. EDX and XRF analyses showed a higher presence of Ni in the NiTi-2 sample. The EBSD analysis detected an additional NiTi(2)-cubic phase in the NiTi-2 microstructure. Additionally, in the NiTi-2 higher hardness was measured. An immersion test performed in artificial saliva after 7 days did not induce significant ion release in either group of samples (NiTi-1 and NiTi-2). The acidic environment significantly increased the release of toxic ions in both types of samples. However, Ni ion release was two times lower, and Ti ion release was three times lower from NiTi-2 than from NiTi-1. Comparison of the cells’ mitochondrial activity between the NiTi-1 and NiTi-2 groups did not show a statistically significant difference. In conclusion, we obtained an alloy of small diameter with an appropriate microstructure and better response compared to classic NiTi material. Thus, it appears from the present study that the continuous cast technology offers new possibilities for the production of NiTi material for usage in dentistry. MDPI 2022-03-17 /pmc/articles/PMC8955206/ /pubmed/35335323 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules27061960 Text en © 2022 by the authors. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
spellingShingle Article
Miličić Lazić, Minja
Majerič, Peter
Lazić, Vojkan
Milašin, Jelena
Jakšić, Milica
Trišić, Dijana
Radović, Katarina
Experimental Investigation of the Biofunctional Properties of Nickel–Titanium Alloys Depending on the Type of Production
title Experimental Investigation of the Biofunctional Properties of Nickel–Titanium Alloys Depending on the Type of Production
title_full Experimental Investigation of the Biofunctional Properties of Nickel–Titanium Alloys Depending on the Type of Production
title_fullStr Experimental Investigation of the Biofunctional Properties of Nickel–Titanium Alloys Depending on the Type of Production
title_full_unstemmed Experimental Investigation of the Biofunctional Properties of Nickel–Titanium Alloys Depending on the Type of Production
title_short Experimental Investigation of the Biofunctional Properties of Nickel–Titanium Alloys Depending on the Type of Production
title_sort experimental investigation of the biofunctional properties of nickel–titanium alloys depending on the type of production
topic Article
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8955206/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35335323
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules27061960
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