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Nanotechnology in Immunotherapy for Type 1 Diabetes: Promising Innovations and Future Advances

Diabetes is a chronic condition which affects the glucose metabolism in the body. In lieu of any clinical “cure,” the condition is managed through the administration of pharmacological aids, insulin supplements, diet restrictions, exercise, and the like. The conventional clinical prescriptions are l...

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Autores principales: Nigam, Saumya, Bishop, Jack Owen, Hayat, Hanaan, Quadri, Tahnia, Hayat, Hasaan, Wang, Ping
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: MDPI 2022
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8955746/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35336018
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pharmaceutics14030644
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author Nigam, Saumya
Bishop, Jack Owen
Hayat, Hanaan
Quadri, Tahnia
Hayat, Hasaan
Wang, Ping
author_facet Nigam, Saumya
Bishop, Jack Owen
Hayat, Hanaan
Quadri, Tahnia
Hayat, Hasaan
Wang, Ping
author_sort Nigam, Saumya
collection PubMed
description Diabetes is a chronic condition which affects the glucose metabolism in the body. In lieu of any clinical “cure,” the condition is managed through the administration of pharmacological aids, insulin supplements, diet restrictions, exercise, and the like. The conventional clinical prescriptions are limited by their life-long dependency and diminished potency, which in turn hinder the patient’s recovery. This necessitated an alteration in approach and has instigated several investigations into other strategies. As Type 1 diabetes (T1D) is known to be an autoimmune disorder, targeting the immune system in activation and/or suppression has shown promise in reducing beta cell loss and improving insulin levels in response to hyperglycemia. Another strategy currently being explored is the use of nanoparticles in the delivery of immunomodulators, insulin, or engineered vaccines to endogenous immune cells. Nanoparticle-assisted targeting of immune cells holds substantial potential for enhanced patient care within T1D clinical settings. Herein, we summarize the knowledge of etiology, clinical scenarios, and the current state of nanoparticle-based immunotherapeutic approaches for Type 1 diabetes. We also discuss the feasibility of translating this approach to clinical practice.
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spelling pubmed-89557462022-03-26 Nanotechnology in Immunotherapy for Type 1 Diabetes: Promising Innovations and Future Advances Nigam, Saumya Bishop, Jack Owen Hayat, Hanaan Quadri, Tahnia Hayat, Hasaan Wang, Ping Pharmaceutics Review Diabetes is a chronic condition which affects the glucose metabolism in the body. In lieu of any clinical “cure,” the condition is managed through the administration of pharmacological aids, insulin supplements, diet restrictions, exercise, and the like. The conventional clinical prescriptions are limited by their life-long dependency and diminished potency, which in turn hinder the patient’s recovery. This necessitated an alteration in approach and has instigated several investigations into other strategies. As Type 1 diabetes (T1D) is known to be an autoimmune disorder, targeting the immune system in activation and/or suppression has shown promise in reducing beta cell loss and improving insulin levels in response to hyperglycemia. Another strategy currently being explored is the use of nanoparticles in the delivery of immunomodulators, insulin, or engineered vaccines to endogenous immune cells. Nanoparticle-assisted targeting of immune cells holds substantial potential for enhanced patient care within T1D clinical settings. Herein, we summarize the knowledge of etiology, clinical scenarios, and the current state of nanoparticle-based immunotherapeutic approaches for Type 1 diabetes. We also discuss the feasibility of translating this approach to clinical practice. MDPI 2022-03-15 /pmc/articles/PMC8955746/ /pubmed/35336018 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pharmaceutics14030644 Text en © 2022 by the authors. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
spellingShingle Review
Nigam, Saumya
Bishop, Jack Owen
Hayat, Hanaan
Quadri, Tahnia
Hayat, Hasaan
Wang, Ping
Nanotechnology in Immunotherapy for Type 1 Diabetes: Promising Innovations and Future Advances
title Nanotechnology in Immunotherapy for Type 1 Diabetes: Promising Innovations and Future Advances
title_full Nanotechnology in Immunotherapy for Type 1 Diabetes: Promising Innovations and Future Advances
title_fullStr Nanotechnology in Immunotherapy for Type 1 Diabetes: Promising Innovations and Future Advances
title_full_unstemmed Nanotechnology in Immunotherapy for Type 1 Diabetes: Promising Innovations and Future Advances
title_short Nanotechnology in Immunotherapy for Type 1 Diabetes: Promising Innovations and Future Advances
title_sort nanotechnology in immunotherapy for type 1 diabetes: promising innovations and future advances
topic Review
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8955746/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35336018
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pharmaceutics14030644
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