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The Biological and Clinical Aspects of a Latent Tuberculosis Infection

Tuberculosis (TB), caused by bacilli from the Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex, remains a serious global public health problem, representing one of the main causes of death from infectious diseases. About one quarter of the world’s population is infected with Mtb and has a latent TB infection (LTB...

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Autores principales: Khabibullina, Nelli F., Kutuzova, Daria M., Burmistrova, Irina A., Lyadova, Irina V.
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: MDPI 2022
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8955876/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35324595
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/tropicalmed7030048
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author Khabibullina, Nelli F.
Kutuzova, Daria M.
Burmistrova, Irina A.
Lyadova, Irina V.
author_facet Khabibullina, Nelli F.
Kutuzova, Daria M.
Burmistrova, Irina A.
Lyadova, Irina V.
author_sort Khabibullina, Nelli F.
collection PubMed
description Tuberculosis (TB), caused by bacilli from the Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex, remains a serious global public health problem, representing one of the main causes of death from infectious diseases. About one quarter of the world’s population is infected with Mtb and has a latent TB infection (LTBI). According to the World Health Organization (WHO), an LTBI is characterized by a lasting immune response to Mtb antigens without any TB symptoms. Current LTBI diagnoses and treatments are based on this simplified definition, although an LTBI involves a broad range of conditions, including when Mtb remains in the body in a persistent form and the immune response cannot be detected. The study of LTBIs has progressed in recent years; however, many biological and medical aspects of an LTBI are still under discussion. This review focuses on an LTBI as a broad spectrum of states, both of the human body, and of Mtb cells. The problems of phenotypic insusceptibility, diagnoses, chemoprophylaxis, and the necessity of treatment are discussed. We emphasize the complexity of an LTBI diagnosis and its treatment due to its ambiguous nature. We consider alternative ways of differentiating an LTBI from active TB, as well as predicting TB reactivation based on using mycobacterial “latency antigens” for interferon gamma release assay (IGRA) tests and the transcriptomic analysis of human blood cells.
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spelling pubmed-89558762022-03-26 The Biological and Clinical Aspects of a Latent Tuberculosis Infection Khabibullina, Nelli F. Kutuzova, Daria M. Burmistrova, Irina A. Lyadova, Irina V. Trop Med Infect Dis Review Tuberculosis (TB), caused by bacilli from the Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex, remains a serious global public health problem, representing one of the main causes of death from infectious diseases. About one quarter of the world’s population is infected with Mtb and has a latent TB infection (LTBI). According to the World Health Organization (WHO), an LTBI is characterized by a lasting immune response to Mtb antigens without any TB symptoms. Current LTBI diagnoses and treatments are based on this simplified definition, although an LTBI involves a broad range of conditions, including when Mtb remains in the body in a persistent form and the immune response cannot be detected. The study of LTBIs has progressed in recent years; however, many biological and medical aspects of an LTBI are still under discussion. This review focuses on an LTBI as a broad spectrum of states, both of the human body, and of Mtb cells. The problems of phenotypic insusceptibility, diagnoses, chemoprophylaxis, and the necessity of treatment are discussed. We emphasize the complexity of an LTBI diagnosis and its treatment due to its ambiguous nature. We consider alternative ways of differentiating an LTBI from active TB, as well as predicting TB reactivation based on using mycobacterial “latency antigens” for interferon gamma release assay (IGRA) tests and the transcriptomic analysis of human blood cells. MDPI 2022-03-08 /pmc/articles/PMC8955876/ /pubmed/35324595 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/tropicalmed7030048 Text en © 2022 by the authors. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
spellingShingle Review
Khabibullina, Nelli F.
Kutuzova, Daria M.
Burmistrova, Irina A.
Lyadova, Irina V.
The Biological and Clinical Aspects of a Latent Tuberculosis Infection
title The Biological and Clinical Aspects of a Latent Tuberculosis Infection
title_full The Biological and Clinical Aspects of a Latent Tuberculosis Infection
title_fullStr The Biological and Clinical Aspects of a Latent Tuberculosis Infection
title_full_unstemmed The Biological and Clinical Aspects of a Latent Tuberculosis Infection
title_short The Biological and Clinical Aspects of a Latent Tuberculosis Infection
title_sort biological and clinical aspects of a latent tuberculosis infection
topic Review
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8955876/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35324595
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/tropicalmed7030048
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