Backward Walking Training Impacts Positive Effect on Improving Walking Capacity after Stroke: A Meta-Analysis

Objective: The meta-analysis aimed to investigate the potential effect of backward walking training (BWT) on walking function improvement among stroke patients. Data sources: Eligible studies were systematically searched in PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, and Cochrane Library. Methods: Heterogeneity among enrolled studies was assessed. Weighted mean difference (WMD) with its 95% confidence interval (CI) was used to pool the outcomes. Results: Seven articles were included. BWT significantly improved motor functions of stroke patients including 10-meter walk test (WMD (95% CI) = 0.11 (0.01, 0.21) meters/second; p = 0.03); cadence (WMD (95% CI) = 4.00 (0.99, 7.02) step/minute; p < 0.01); Berg balance scale (WMD (95% CI) = 4.38 (2.60, 6.15); p < 0.01); paretic step length (WMD (95% CI) = 5.32 (1.97, 8.67) cm; p < 0.01); and stride length (WMD (95% CI) = 6.61 (0.70, 12.51) cm; p = 0.03) as compared with control group. Conclusion: Our study revealed that BWT had a positive influence on walking function improvement among patients after stroke.