Prognostic determinants of hearing outcomes in children with congenital cytomegalovirus infection

Congenital cytomegalovirus (cCMV) infection is the most prevalent cause of non-genetic sensorineural hearing loss (SNHL) in children. However, the prognostic determinants of SNHL remain unclear. Children with cCMV infection in a tertiary hospital were enrolled. The presence of cCMV-related symptoms at birth, the newborn hearing screening (NHS) results, and the blood viral loads were ascertained. Audiologic outcomes and initial blood viral loads were compared between different groups. Of the 39 children enrolled, 16 developed SNHL. SNHL developed in 60% of children who were initially symptomatic, and in 34.5% of those who were initially asymptomatic with normal hearing or isolated hearing loss, respectively. Failuire in NHS was a reliable tool for early detection of SNHL. The initial viral loads were higher in children who were symptomatic at birth, those who failed NHS, and those who developed SNHL. We observed SNHL deterioration in a patient after CMV DNAemia clearance was achieved, and in another patient with the flare-up of viral load. The presence of cCMV-related symptoms at birth, failure in NHS, and blood viral load might be the prognostic factors for hearing outcomes. Regular audiologic examinations are necessary in all children with cCMV infection even after CMV DNAemia clearance.