Dose Optimization of Teicoplanin for Critically Ill Patients With Renal Dysfunction and Continuous Renal Replacement Therapy: Experience From a Prospective Interventional Study

Background: Due to the lack of updated information on teicoplanin (TEI) for continuous renal replacement therapy (CRRT), no exact dosage regimen has been recommended. The aim of this study was to optimize the dosage regimen of TEI in renal dysfunction patients with or without CRRT, evaluate the influence factors of the eradication of Gram-positive bacteria, and evaluate the effect of CRRT on the clearance of TEI. Methods: Patients with renal dysfunction receiving TEI treatment in the ICU were prospectively recruited and divided into CRRT and non-CRRT groups. Logistic regression analysis was used to screen the factors affecting the eradication of Gram-positive bacteria. The filtrate concentration of the CRRT group was measured at the time of TEI C(min), and the filtration coefficient of TEI was calculated to evaluate the effect of CRRT on the clearance of TEI. Results: A total of 106 patients were included, 40 cases in the CRRT group and 66 cases in the non-CRRT group. After giving high-loading doses of TEI, 75.8 and 70% of TEI C(min) in the non-CRRT and CRRT groups reached the range of 10–30 mg/L before the 3rd dose, respectively. The risk of G(+) bacteria being uneradicated was higher while the APACHEⅡscore was higher than 22.5. The albumin level before the start of TEI administration and before the 6th–8th dose was lower than 32.8 g/L and 29.3 g/L, respectively, and C(min) before the 3rd dose and 6th–8th dose was lower than 13.2 mg/L and 17.1 mg/L, respectively, with the duration of TEI therapy shorter than 10.5 days. The correlation coefficient (r) was 0.6490 between C(min) before the 3rd dose and the albumin level (p < 0.001). The filtration coefficient of TEI was 10.7 ± 2.4% at C(min) and 11.1 ± 2.5% at C(max). The GFR had no correlation with the filtration coefficient (r = −0.06204; r = −0.08059). The clearance of TEI in CRRT patients was negatively correlated with the albumin level (r = −0.6305, p = 0.0013). Conclusion: The early stage of the albumin level can significantly affect the initial C(min) and clinical efficacy of TEI, and also had effect on the clearance of TEI by CRRT. The filtration coefficient of TEI was stable, even with a higher ultrafiltration rate.