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Dynamics of the Microbial Community and Opportunistic Pathogens after Water Stagnation in the Premise Plumbing of a Building
In premise plumbing, microbial water quality may deteriorate under certain conditions, such as stagnation. Stagnation results in a loss of disinfectant residual, which may lead to the regrowth of microorganisms, including opportunistic pathogens. In the present study, microbial regrowth was investig...
Autores principales: | , , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
Japanese Society of Microbial Ecology / Japanese Society of Soil Microbiology / Taiwan Society of Microbial Ecology / Japanese Society of Plant Microbe Interactions / Japanese Society for Extremophiles
2022
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8958293/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35321996 http://dx.doi.org/10.1264/jsme2.ME21065 |
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author | Rahmatika, Iftita Kurisu, Futoshi Furumai, Hiroaki Kasuga, Ikuro |
author_facet | Rahmatika, Iftita Kurisu, Futoshi Furumai, Hiroaki Kasuga, Ikuro |
author_sort | Rahmatika, Iftita |
collection | PubMed |
description | In premise plumbing, microbial water quality may deteriorate under certain conditions, such as stagnation. Stagnation results in a loss of disinfectant residual, which may lead to the regrowth of microorganisms, including opportunistic pathogens. In the present study, microbial regrowth was investigated at eight faucets in a building over four seasons in one year. Water samples were obtained before and after 24 h of stagnation. In the first 100 mL after stagnation, total cell counts measured by flow cytometry increased 14- to 220-fold with a simultaneous decrease in free chlorine from 0.17–0.36 mg L(–1) to <0.02 mg L(–1). After stagnation, total cell counts were not significantly different among seasons; however, the composition of the microbial community varied seasonally. The relative abundance of Pseudomonas spp. was dominant in winter, whereas Sphingomonas spp. were dominant in most faucets after stagnation in other seasons. Opportunistic pathogens, such as Legionella pneumophila, Mycobacterium avium, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Acanthamoeba spp., were below the quantification limit for real-time quantitative PCR in all samples. However, sequences related to other opportunistic pathogens, including L. feeleii, L. maceachernii, L. micdadei, M. paragordonae, M. gordonae, and M. haemophilum, were detected. These results indicate that health risks may increase after stagnation due to the regrowth of opportunistic pathogens. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-8958293 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2022 |
publisher | Japanese Society of Microbial Ecology / Japanese Society of Soil Microbiology / Taiwan Society of Microbial Ecology / Japanese Society of Plant Microbe Interactions / Japanese Society for Extremophiles |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-89582932022-03-31 Dynamics of the Microbial Community and Opportunistic Pathogens after Water Stagnation in the Premise Plumbing of a Building Rahmatika, Iftita Kurisu, Futoshi Furumai, Hiroaki Kasuga, Ikuro Microbes Environ Regular Paper In premise plumbing, microbial water quality may deteriorate under certain conditions, such as stagnation. Stagnation results in a loss of disinfectant residual, which may lead to the regrowth of microorganisms, including opportunistic pathogens. In the present study, microbial regrowth was investigated at eight faucets in a building over four seasons in one year. Water samples were obtained before and after 24 h of stagnation. In the first 100 mL after stagnation, total cell counts measured by flow cytometry increased 14- to 220-fold with a simultaneous decrease in free chlorine from 0.17–0.36 mg L(–1) to <0.02 mg L(–1). After stagnation, total cell counts were not significantly different among seasons; however, the composition of the microbial community varied seasonally. The relative abundance of Pseudomonas spp. was dominant in winter, whereas Sphingomonas spp. were dominant in most faucets after stagnation in other seasons. Opportunistic pathogens, such as Legionella pneumophila, Mycobacterium avium, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Acanthamoeba spp., were below the quantification limit for real-time quantitative PCR in all samples. However, sequences related to other opportunistic pathogens, including L. feeleii, L. maceachernii, L. micdadei, M. paragordonae, M. gordonae, and M. haemophilum, were detected. These results indicate that health risks may increase after stagnation due to the regrowth of opportunistic pathogens. Japanese Society of Microbial Ecology / Japanese Society of Soil Microbiology / Taiwan Society of Microbial Ecology / Japanese Society of Plant Microbe Interactions / Japanese Society for Extremophiles 2022 2022-03-24 /pmc/articles/PMC8958293/ /pubmed/35321996 http://dx.doi.org/10.1264/jsme2.ME21065 Text en 2022 by Japanese Society of Microbial Ecology / Japanese Society of Soil Microbiology / Taiwan Society of Microbial Ecology / Japanese Society of Plant Microbe Interactions / Japanese Society for Extremophiles. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. |
spellingShingle | Regular Paper Rahmatika, Iftita Kurisu, Futoshi Furumai, Hiroaki Kasuga, Ikuro Dynamics of the Microbial Community and Opportunistic Pathogens after Water Stagnation in the Premise Plumbing of a Building |
title | Dynamics of the Microbial Community and Opportunistic Pathogens after Water Stagnation in the Premise Plumbing of a Building |
title_full | Dynamics of the Microbial Community and Opportunistic Pathogens after Water Stagnation in the Premise Plumbing of a Building |
title_fullStr | Dynamics of the Microbial Community and Opportunistic Pathogens after Water Stagnation in the Premise Plumbing of a Building |
title_full_unstemmed | Dynamics of the Microbial Community and Opportunistic Pathogens after Water Stagnation in the Premise Plumbing of a Building |
title_short | Dynamics of the Microbial Community and Opportunistic Pathogens after Water Stagnation in the Premise Plumbing of a Building |
title_sort | dynamics of the microbial community and opportunistic pathogens after water stagnation in the premise plumbing of a building |
topic | Regular Paper |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8958293/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35321996 http://dx.doi.org/10.1264/jsme2.ME21065 |
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