Effect of heat stress on ileal microbial community of indigenous yellow‐feather broilers based on 16S rRNA gene sequencing

OBJECTIVES: The broiler chickens are susceptible to heat stress (HS), including the indigenous broilers raised in tropical and subtropical regions. HS caused intestinal dysfunction and disrupted the gut microbiota. However, the researches about the effects of HS on ileal microbiome of indigenous broilers are limited. Therefore, this experiment used 16S rRNA sequencing to analyse the ileal microbial community in indigenous yellow‐feather broilers under HS. MATERIAL AND METHODS: The single factor completely random design was used in the present study, and forty 8‐week‐old Chinese indigenous yellow‐feather broilers (Huaixiang chickens) were randomly divided into two treatments: normal temperature (NT) group and HS group. There are five replications with four broilers per replicate in each group. The broilers in NT group were raised at 21.3 ± 1.2°C during the whole experimental period, the broilers in HS group were exposed to 32.5 ± 1.4°C for 8 h/day from 9:00 am to 17:00 pm and the temperature of rest time is consistent with NT group. The experiment lasted for 4 weeks. RESULTS: The results showed that HS exposure had no significant effects on the alpha diversity index of ileal microflora of broilers, including the Shannon, Simpson, Chao1 and ACE indexes (p > 0.05). At the genus level, HS significantly reduced the relative abundance of Campylobacter (p < 0.05), and increased the abundance of Delftia (p < 0.05). In addition, prediction of microbial community function indicated that HS significantly enhanced the abundance of the microflora related to lipid metabolism, carbohydrate metabolism and xenobiotics biodegradation and metabolism and reduced the abundance of the microflora related to nucleotide metabolism and amino acid metabolism. CONCLUSIONS: Taken together, the present study revealed that chronic HS (4 weeks) exposure changes the abundance of the ileal microflora of broilers. These findings provided new insights into the role of HS in influencing ileal microbial community in indigenous broilers.