Cargando…

Circadian Rhythms and Melatonin Metabolism in Patients With Disorders of Gut-Brain Interactions

Circadian rhythms are cyclic patterns of physiological, behavioural and molecular events that occur over a 24-h period. They are controlled by the suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN), the brain’s master pacemaker which governs peripheral clocks and melatonin release. While circadian systems are endogenous...

Descripción completa

Detalles Bibliográficos
Autores principales: Fowler, Sophie, Hoedt, Emily C., Talley, Nicholas J., Keely, Simon, Burns, Grace L.
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: Frontiers Media S.A. 2022
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8959415/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35356051
http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fnins.2022.825246
_version_ 1784677148154396672
author Fowler, Sophie
Hoedt, Emily C.
Talley, Nicholas J.
Keely, Simon
Burns, Grace L.
author_facet Fowler, Sophie
Hoedt, Emily C.
Talley, Nicholas J.
Keely, Simon
Burns, Grace L.
author_sort Fowler, Sophie
collection PubMed
description Circadian rhythms are cyclic patterns of physiological, behavioural and molecular events that occur over a 24-h period. They are controlled by the suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN), the brain’s master pacemaker which governs peripheral clocks and melatonin release. While circadian systems are endogenous, there are external factors that synchronise the SCN to the ambient environment including light/dark cycles, fasting/fed state, temperature and physical activity. Circadian rhythms also provide internal temporal organisation which ensures that any internal changes that take place are centrally coordinated. Melatonin synchronises peripheral clocks to the external time and circadian rhythms are regulated by gene expression to control physiological function. Synchronisation of the circadian system with the external environment is vital for the health and survival of an organism and as circadian rhythms play a pivotal role in regulating GI physiology, disruption may lead to gastrointestinal (GI) dysfunction. Disorders of gut-brain interactions (DGBIs), also known as functional gastrointestinal disorders (FGIDs), are a group of diseases where patients experience reoccurring gastrointestinal symptoms which cannot be explained by obvious structural abnormalities and include functional dyspepsia (FD) and irritable bowel syndrome (IBS). Food timing impacts on the production of melatonin and given the correlation between food intake and symptom onset reported by patients with DGBIs, chronodisruption may be a feature of these conditions. Recent advances in immunology implicate circadian rhythms in the regulation of immune responses, and DGBI patients report fatigue and disordered sleep, suggesting circadian disruption. Further, melatonin treatment has been demonstrated to improve symptom burden in IBS patients, however, the mechanisms underlying this efficacy are unclear. Given the influence of circadian rhythms on gastrointestinal physiology and the immune system, modulation of these rhythms may be a potential therapeutic option for reducing symptom burden in these patients.
format Online
Article
Text
id pubmed-8959415
institution National Center for Biotechnology Information
language English
publishDate 2022
publisher Frontiers Media S.A.
record_format MEDLINE/PubMed
spelling pubmed-89594152022-03-29 Circadian Rhythms and Melatonin Metabolism in Patients With Disorders of Gut-Brain Interactions Fowler, Sophie Hoedt, Emily C. Talley, Nicholas J. Keely, Simon Burns, Grace L. Front Neurosci Neuroscience Circadian rhythms are cyclic patterns of physiological, behavioural and molecular events that occur over a 24-h period. They are controlled by the suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN), the brain’s master pacemaker which governs peripheral clocks and melatonin release. While circadian systems are endogenous, there are external factors that synchronise the SCN to the ambient environment including light/dark cycles, fasting/fed state, temperature and physical activity. Circadian rhythms also provide internal temporal organisation which ensures that any internal changes that take place are centrally coordinated. Melatonin synchronises peripheral clocks to the external time and circadian rhythms are regulated by gene expression to control physiological function. Synchronisation of the circadian system with the external environment is vital for the health and survival of an organism and as circadian rhythms play a pivotal role in regulating GI physiology, disruption may lead to gastrointestinal (GI) dysfunction. Disorders of gut-brain interactions (DGBIs), also known as functional gastrointestinal disorders (FGIDs), are a group of diseases where patients experience reoccurring gastrointestinal symptoms which cannot be explained by obvious structural abnormalities and include functional dyspepsia (FD) and irritable bowel syndrome (IBS). Food timing impacts on the production of melatonin and given the correlation between food intake and symptom onset reported by patients with DGBIs, chronodisruption may be a feature of these conditions. Recent advances in immunology implicate circadian rhythms in the regulation of immune responses, and DGBI patients report fatigue and disordered sleep, suggesting circadian disruption. Further, melatonin treatment has been demonstrated to improve symptom burden in IBS patients, however, the mechanisms underlying this efficacy are unclear. Given the influence of circadian rhythms on gastrointestinal physiology and the immune system, modulation of these rhythms may be a potential therapeutic option for reducing symptom burden in these patients. Frontiers Media S.A. 2022-03-09 /pmc/articles/PMC8959415/ /pubmed/35356051 http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fnins.2022.825246 Text en Copyright © 2022 Fowler, Hoedt, Talley, Keely and Burns. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.
spellingShingle Neuroscience
Fowler, Sophie
Hoedt, Emily C.
Talley, Nicholas J.
Keely, Simon
Burns, Grace L.
Circadian Rhythms and Melatonin Metabolism in Patients With Disorders of Gut-Brain Interactions
title Circadian Rhythms and Melatonin Metabolism in Patients With Disorders of Gut-Brain Interactions
title_full Circadian Rhythms and Melatonin Metabolism in Patients With Disorders of Gut-Brain Interactions
title_fullStr Circadian Rhythms and Melatonin Metabolism in Patients With Disorders of Gut-Brain Interactions
title_full_unstemmed Circadian Rhythms and Melatonin Metabolism in Patients With Disorders of Gut-Brain Interactions
title_short Circadian Rhythms and Melatonin Metabolism in Patients With Disorders of Gut-Brain Interactions
title_sort circadian rhythms and melatonin metabolism in patients with disorders of gut-brain interactions
topic Neuroscience
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8959415/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35356051
http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fnins.2022.825246
work_keys_str_mv AT fowlersophie circadianrhythmsandmelatoninmetabolisminpatientswithdisordersofgutbraininteractions
AT hoedtemilyc circadianrhythmsandmelatoninmetabolisminpatientswithdisordersofgutbraininteractions
AT talleynicholasj circadianrhythmsandmelatoninmetabolisminpatientswithdisordersofgutbraininteractions
AT keelysimon circadianrhythmsandmelatoninmetabolisminpatientswithdisordersofgutbraininteractions
AT burnsgracel circadianrhythmsandmelatoninmetabolisminpatientswithdisordersofgutbraininteractions