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Evidence of SARS-CoV-2 Related Coronaviruses Circulating in Sunda pangolins (Manis javanica) Confiscated From the Illegal Wildlife Trade in Viet Nam

Despite the discovery of several closely related viruses in bats, the direct evolutionary progenitor of SARS-CoV-2 has not yet been identified. In this study, we investigated potential animal sources of SARS-related coronaviruses using archived specimens from Sunda pangolins (Manis javanica) and Chi...

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Autores principales: Nga, Nguyen Thi Thanh, Latinne, Alice, Thuy, Hoang Bich, Long, Nguyen Van, Ngoc, Pham Thi Bich, Anh, Nguyen Thi Lan, Thai, Nguyen Van, Phuong, Tran Quang, Thai, Hoang Van, Hai, Lam Kim, Long, Pham Thanh, Phuong, Nguyen Thanh, Hung, Vo Van, Quang, Le Tin Vinh, Lan, Nguyen Thi, Hoa, Nguyen Thi, Johnson, Christine K., Mazet, Jonna A. K., Roberton, Scott I., Walzer, Chris, Olson, Sarah H., Fine, Amanda E.
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: Frontiers Media S.A. 2022
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8959545/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35356028
http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fpubh.2022.826116
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author Nga, Nguyen Thi Thanh
Latinne, Alice
Thuy, Hoang Bich
Long, Nguyen Van
Ngoc, Pham Thi Bich
Anh, Nguyen Thi Lan
Thai, Nguyen Van
Phuong, Tran Quang
Thai, Hoang Van
Hai, Lam Kim
Long, Pham Thanh
Phuong, Nguyen Thanh
Hung, Vo Van
Quang, Le Tin Vinh
Lan, Nguyen Thi
Hoa, Nguyen Thi
Johnson, Christine K.
Mazet, Jonna A. K.
Roberton, Scott I.
Walzer, Chris
Olson, Sarah H.
Fine, Amanda E.
author_facet Nga, Nguyen Thi Thanh
Latinne, Alice
Thuy, Hoang Bich
Long, Nguyen Van
Ngoc, Pham Thi Bich
Anh, Nguyen Thi Lan
Thai, Nguyen Van
Phuong, Tran Quang
Thai, Hoang Van
Hai, Lam Kim
Long, Pham Thanh
Phuong, Nguyen Thanh
Hung, Vo Van
Quang, Le Tin Vinh
Lan, Nguyen Thi
Hoa, Nguyen Thi
Johnson, Christine K.
Mazet, Jonna A. K.
Roberton, Scott I.
Walzer, Chris
Olson, Sarah H.
Fine, Amanda E.
author_sort Nga, Nguyen Thi Thanh
collection PubMed
description Despite the discovery of several closely related viruses in bats, the direct evolutionary progenitor of SARS-CoV-2 has not yet been identified. In this study, we investigated potential animal sources of SARS-related coronaviruses using archived specimens from Sunda pangolins (Manis javanica) and Chinese pangolins (Manis pentadactyla) confiscated from the illegal wildlife trade, and from common palm civets (Paradoxurus hermaphroditus) raised on wildlife farms in Viet Nam. A total of 696 pangolin and civet specimens were screened for the presence of viral RNA from five zoonotic viral families and from Sarbecoviruses using primers specifically designed for pangolin coronaviruses. We also performed a curated data collection of media reports of wildlife confiscation events involving pangolins in Viet Nam between January 2016 and December 2020, to illustrate the global pangolin supply chain in the context of Viet Nam where the trade confiscated pangolins were sampled for this study. All specimens from pangolins and civets sampled along the wildlife supply chains between February 2017 and July 2018, in Viet Nam and tested with conventional PCR assays designed to detect flavivirus, paramyxovirus, filovirus, coronavirus, and orthomyxovirus RNA were negative. Civet samples were also negative for Sarbecoviruses, but 12 specimens from seven live pangolins confiscated in Hung Yen province, northern Viet Nam, in 2018 were positive for Sarbecoviruses. Our phylogenetic trees based on two fragments of the RdRp gene revealed that the Sarbecoviruses identified in these pangolins were closely related to pangolin coronaviruses detected in pangolins confiscated from the illegal wildlife trade in Yunnan and Guangxi provinces, China. Our curated data collection of media reports of wildlife confiscation events involving pangolins in Viet Nam between January 2016 and December 2020, reflected what is known about pangolin trafficking globally. Pangolins confiscated in Viet Nam were largely in transit, moving toward downstream consumers in China. Confiscations included pangolin scales sourced originally from Africa (and African species of pangolins), or pangolin carcasses and live pangolins native to Southeast Asia (predominately the Sunda pangolin) sourced from neighboring range countries and moving through Viet Nam toward provinces bordering China.
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spelling pubmed-89595452022-03-29 Evidence of SARS-CoV-2 Related Coronaviruses Circulating in Sunda pangolins (Manis javanica) Confiscated From the Illegal Wildlife Trade in Viet Nam Nga, Nguyen Thi Thanh Latinne, Alice Thuy, Hoang Bich Long, Nguyen Van Ngoc, Pham Thi Bich Anh, Nguyen Thi Lan Thai, Nguyen Van Phuong, Tran Quang Thai, Hoang Van Hai, Lam Kim Long, Pham Thanh Phuong, Nguyen Thanh Hung, Vo Van Quang, Le Tin Vinh Lan, Nguyen Thi Hoa, Nguyen Thi Johnson, Christine K. Mazet, Jonna A. K. Roberton, Scott I. Walzer, Chris Olson, Sarah H. Fine, Amanda E. Front Public Health Public Health Despite the discovery of several closely related viruses in bats, the direct evolutionary progenitor of SARS-CoV-2 has not yet been identified. In this study, we investigated potential animal sources of SARS-related coronaviruses using archived specimens from Sunda pangolins (Manis javanica) and Chinese pangolins (Manis pentadactyla) confiscated from the illegal wildlife trade, and from common palm civets (Paradoxurus hermaphroditus) raised on wildlife farms in Viet Nam. A total of 696 pangolin and civet specimens were screened for the presence of viral RNA from five zoonotic viral families and from Sarbecoviruses using primers specifically designed for pangolin coronaviruses. We also performed a curated data collection of media reports of wildlife confiscation events involving pangolins in Viet Nam between January 2016 and December 2020, to illustrate the global pangolin supply chain in the context of Viet Nam where the trade confiscated pangolins were sampled for this study. All specimens from pangolins and civets sampled along the wildlife supply chains between February 2017 and July 2018, in Viet Nam and tested with conventional PCR assays designed to detect flavivirus, paramyxovirus, filovirus, coronavirus, and orthomyxovirus RNA were negative. Civet samples were also negative for Sarbecoviruses, but 12 specimens from seven live pangolins confiscated in Hung Yen province, northern Viet Nam, in 2018 were positive for Sarbecoviruses. Our phylogenetic trees based on two fragments of the RdRp gene revealed that the Sarbecoviruses identified in these pangolins were closely related to pangolin coronaviruses detected in pangolins confiscated from the illegal wildlife trade in Yunnan and Guangxi provinces, China. Our curated data collection of media reports of wildlife confiscation events involving pangolins in Viet Nam between January 2016 and December 2020, reflected what is known about pangolin trafficking globally. Pangolins confiscated in Viet Nam were largely in transit, moving toward downstream consumers in China. Confiscations included pangolin scales sourced originally from Africa (and African species of pangolins), or pangolin carcasses and live pangolins native to Southeast Asia (predominately the Sunda pangolin) sourced from neighboring range countries and moving through Viet Nam toward provinces bordering China. Frontiers Media S.A. 2022-03-09 /pmc/articles/PMC8959545/ /pubmed/35356028 http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fpubh.2022.826116 Text en Copyright © 2022 Nga, Latinne, Thuy, Long, Ngoc, Anh, Thai, Phuong, Thai, Hai, Long, Phuong, Hung, Quang, Lan, Hoa, Johnson, Mazet, Roberton, Walzer, Olson and Fine. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.
spellingShingle Public Health
Nga, Nguyen Thi Thanh
Latinne, Alice
Thuy, Hoang Bich
Long, Nguyen Van
Ngoc, Pham Thi Bich
Anh, Nguyen Thi Lan
Thai, Nguyen Van
Phuong, Tran Quang
Thai, Hoang Van
Hai, Lam Kim
Long, Pham Thanh
Phuong, Nguyen Thanh
Hung, Vo Van
Quang, Le Tin Vinh
Lan, Nguyen Thi
Hoa, Nguyen Thi
Johnson, Christine K.
Mazet, Jonna A. K.
Roberton, Scott I.
Walzer, Chris
Olson, Sarah H.
Fine, Amanda E.
Evidence of SARS-CoV-2 Related Coronaviruses Circulating in Sunda pangolins (Manis javanica) Confiscated From the Illegal Wildlife Trade in Viet Nam
title Evidence of SARS-CoV-2 Related Coronaviruses Circulating in Sunda pangolins (Manis javanica) Confiscated From the Illegal Wildlife Trade in Viet Nam
title_full Evidence of SARS-CoV-2 Related Coronaviruses Circulating in Sunda pangolins (Manis javanica) Confiscated From the Illegal Wildlife Trade in Viet Nam
title_fullStr Evidence of SARS-CoV-2 Related Coronaviruses Circulating in Sunda pangolins (Manis javanica) Confiscated From the Illegal Wildlife Trade in Viet Nam
title_full_unstemmed Evidence of SARS-CoV-2 Related Coronaviruses Circulating in Sunda pangolins (Manis javanica) Confiscated From the Illegal Wildlife Trade in Viet Nam
title_short Evidence of SARS-CoV-2 Related Coronaviruses Circulating in Sunda pangolins (Manis javanica) Confiscated From the Illegal Wildlife Trade in Viet Nam
title_sort evidence of sars-cov-2 related coronaviruses circulating in sunda pangolins (manis javanica) confiscated from the illegal wildlife trade in viet nam
topic Public Health
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8959545/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35356028
http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fpubh.2022.826116
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