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Trends and disparities in the utilization of influenza vaccines among commercially insured US adults during the COVID-19 pandemic
OBJECTIVES: Little is known about how the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic affected influenza vaccine utilization and disparities. We sought to estimate changes in the likelihood of receiving an influenza vaccine across different demographic subgroups during the COVID-19 pandemic. METHOD...
Autores principales: | , , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
Elsevier Ltd.
2022
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8960160/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35370018 http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.vaccine.2022.03.058 |
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author | Li, Kun Yu, Tianzhou Seabury, Seth A. Dor, Avi |
author_facet | Li, Kun Yu, Tianzhou Seabury, Seth A. Dor, Avi |
author_sort | Li, Kun |
collection | PubMed |
description | OBJECTIVES: Little is known about how the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic affected influenza vaccine utilization and disparities. We sought to estimate changes in the likelihood of receiving an influenza vaccine across different demographic subgroups during the COVID-19 pandemic. METHODS: In this cohort study, we analyzed influenza vaccine uptake from 2019 to 2020 using Optum commercial insurance claims data. Eligible individuals were aged 18 or above in 2018 and continuously enrolled from 08/01/2018 through 12/31/2020. Multivariable logistic regressions were fitted for the individual-level influenza vaccine uptake. Adjusting for demographic factors and medical histories, we estimated probabilities of receiving influenza vaccines before and after the COVID-19 pandemic across demographic subgroups. RESULTS: From August to December 2019, unadjusted influenza vaccination rate was 42.3%, while in the same period of 2020, the vaccination rate increased to 45.9%. Females had a higher vaccination rate in 2019 (OR: 1.16, 95% CI 1.15–1.16), but the increase was larger for males. Blacks and Hispanics had lower vaccination rates relative to whites in both flu seasons. Hispanics showed a greater increase in vaccination rate, increasing by 7.8 percentage points (p < .001) compared to 4.4 (p < .001) for whites. The vaccination rate for Blacks increased by 5.2 percentage points (p < .001). All income groups experienced vaccination improvements, but poorer individuals had lower vaccination rates in both seasons. The most profound disparities occurred when educational cohort were considered. The vaccination rate increased among college-educated enrollees by 8.8 percentage points (p < .001) during the pandemic compared to an increase of 2.8 percentage points (p < .001) for enrollees with less than a 12th grade education. Past influenza infections or vaccination increased the likelihood of vaccination (p < .001). CONCLUSIONS: The COVID-19 pandemic was associated with increased influenza vaccine utilization. Disparities persisted but narrowed with respect to gender and race but worsened with respect to income and educational attainment. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-8960160 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2022 |
publisher | Elsevier Ltd. |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-89601602022-03-29 Trends and disparities in the utilization of influenza vaccines among commercially insured US adults during the COVID-19 pandemic Li, Kun Yu, Tianzhou Seabury, Seth A. Dor, Avi Vaccine Article OBJECTIVES: Little is known about how the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic affected influenza vaccine utilization and disparities. We sought to estimate changes in the likelihood of receiving an influenza vaccine across different demographic subgroups during the COVID-19 pandemic. METHODS: In this cohort study, we analyzed influenza vaccine uptake from 2019 to 2020 using Optum commercial insurance claims data. Eligible individuals were aged 18 or above in 2018 and continuously enrolled from 08/01/2018 through 12/31/2020. Multivariable logistic regressions were fitted for the individual-level influenza vaccine uptake. Adjusting for demographic factors and medical histories, we estimated probabilities of receiving influenza vaccines before and after the COVID-19 pandemic across demographic subgroups. RESULTS: From August to December 2019, unadjusted influenza vaccination rate was 42.3%, while in the same period of 2020, the vaccination rate increased to 45.9%. Females had a higher vaccination rate in 2019 (OR: 1.16, 95% CI 1.15–1.16), but the increase was larger for males. Blacks and Hispanics had lower vaccination rates relative to whites in both flu seasons. Hispanics showed a greater increase in vaccination rate, increasing by 7.8 percentage points (p < .001) compared to 4.4 (p < .001) for whites. The vaccination rate for Blacks increased by 5.2 percentage points (p < .001). All income groups experienced vaccination improvements, but poorer individuals had lower vaccination rates in both seasons. The most profound disparities occurred when educational cohort were considered. The vaccination rate increased among college-educated enrollees by 8.8 percentage points (p < .001) during the pandemic compared to an increase of 2.8 percentage points (p < .001) for enrollees with less than a 12th grade education. Past influenza infections or vaccination increased the likelihood of vaccination (p < .001). CONCLUSIONS: The COVID-19 pandemic was associated with increased influenza vaccine utilization. Disparities persisted but narrowed with respect to gender and race but worsened with respect to income and educational attainment. Elsevier Ltd. 2022-04-26 2022-03-29 /pmc/articles/PMC8960160/ /pubmed/35370018 http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.vaccine.2022.03.058 Text en © 2022 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. Since January 2020 Elsevier has created a COVID-19 resource centre with free information in English and Mandarin on the novel coronavirus COVID-19. The COVID-19 resource centre is hosted on Elsevier Connect, the company's public news and information website. Elsevier hereby grants permission to make all its COVID-19-related research that is available on the COVID-19 resource centre - including this research content - immediately available in PubMed Central and other publicly funded repositories, such as the WHO COVID database with rights for unrestricted research re-use and analyses in any form or by any means with acknowledgement of the original source. These permissions are granted for free by Elsevier for as long as the COVID-19 resource centre remains active. |
spellingShingle | Article Li, Kun Yu, Tianzhou Seabury, Seth A. Dor, Avi Trends and disparities in the utilization of influenza vaccines among commercially insured US adults during the COVID-19 pandemic |
title | Trends and disparities in the utilization of influenza vaccines among commercially insured US adults during the COVID-19 pandemic |
title_full | Trends and disparities in the utilization of influenza vaccines among commercially insured US adults during the COVID-19 pandemic |
title_fullStr | Trends and disparities in the utilization of influenza vaccines among commercially insured US adults during the COVID-19 pandemic |
title_full_unstemmed | Trends and disparities in the utilization of influenza vaccines among commercially insured US adults during the COVID-19 pandemic |
title_short | Trends and disparities in the utilization of influenza vaccines among commercially insured US adults during the COVID-19 pandemic |
title_sort | trends and disparities in the utilization of influenza vaccines among commercially insured us adults during the covid-19 pandemic |
topic | Article |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8960160/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35370018 http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.vaccine.2022.03.058 |
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