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Potential Role of Chronic Physical Exercise as a Treatment in the Development of Vitiligo

Vitiligo is an autoimmune disease characterized by progressive skin depigmentation and the appearance of white patches throughout the body caused by significant apoptosis of epidermal melanocytes. Despite not causing any physical pain, vitiligo can originate several psychosocial disorders, drastical...

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Autores principales: de França, Elias, dos Santos, Ronaldo V. T., Baptista, Liliana C., Da Silva, Marco A. R., Fukushima, André R., Hirota, Vinícius B., Martins, Raul A., Caperuto, Erico C.
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: Frontiers Media S.A. 2022
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8960951/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35360245
http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fphys.2022.843784
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author de França, Elias
dos Santos, Ronaldo V. T.
Baptista, Liliana C.
Da Silva, Marco A. R.
Fukushima, André R.
Hirota, Vinícius B.
Martins, Raul A.
Caperuto, Erico C.
author_facet de França, Elias
dos Santos, Ronaldo V. T.
Baptista, Liliana C.
Da Silva, Marco A. R.
Fukushima, André R.
Hirota, Vinícius B.
Martins, Raul A.
Caperuto, Erico C.
author_sort de França, Elias
collection PubMed
description Vitiligo is an autoimmune disease characterized by progressive skin depigmentation and the appearance of white patches throughout the body caused by significant apoptosis of epidermal melanocytes. Despite not causing any physical pain, vitiligo can originate several psychosocial disorders, drastically reducing patients’ quality of life. Emerging evidence has shown that vitiligo is associated with several genetic polymorphisms related to auto-reactivity from the immune system to melanocytes. Melanocytes from vitiligo patients suffer from excess reactive oxygen species (ROS) produced by defective mitochondria besides a poor endogenous antioxidant system (EAS). This redox imbalance results in dramatic melanocyte oxidative stress (OS), causing significant damage in proteins, lipid membranes, and DNA. The damaged melanocytes secret damage-associated molecular pattern (DAMPs), inducing and increasing inflammatory gene expression response that ultimately leads to melanocytes apoptosis. Vitiligo severity has been also associated with increasing the prevalence and incidence of metabolic syndrome (MetS) or associated disorders such as insulin resistance and hypercholesterolemia. Thus, suggesting that in genetically predisposed individuals, the environmental context that triggers MetS (i.e., sedentary lifestyle) may also be an important trigger for the development and severity of vitiligo disease. This paper will discuss the relationship between the immune system and epidermal melanocytes and their interplay with the redox system. Based on state-of-the-art evidence from the vitiligo research, physical exercise (PE) immunology, and redox system literature, we will also propose chronic PE as a potential therapeutic strategy to treat and prevent vitiligo disease progression. We will present evidence that chronic PE can change the balance of inflammatory to an anti-inflammatory state, improve both EAS and the mitochondrial structure and function (resulting in the decrease of OS). Finally, we will highlight clinically relevant markers that can be analyzed in a new research avenue to test the potential applicability of chronic PE in vitiligo disease.
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spelling pubmed-89609512022-03-30 Potential Role of Chronic Physical Exercise as a Treatment in the Development of Vitiligo de França, Elias dos Santos, Ronaldo V. T. Baptista, Liliana C. Da Silva, Marco A. R. Fukushima, André R. Hirota, Vinícius B. Martins, Raul A. Caperuto, Erico C. Front Physiol Physiology Vitiligo is an autoimmune disease characterized by progressive skin depigmentation and the appearance of white patches throughout the body caused by significant apoptosis of epidermal melanocytes. Despite not causing any physical pain, vitiligo can originate several psychosocial disorders, drastically reducing patients’ quality of life. Emerging evidence has shown that vitiligo is associated with several genetic polymorphisms related to auto-reactivity from the immune system to melanocytes. Melanocytes from vitiligo patients suffer from excess reactive oxygen species (ROS) produced by defective mitochondria besides a poor endogenous antioxidant system (EAS). This redox imbalance results in dramatic melanocyte oxidative stress (OS), causing significant damage in proteins, lipid membranes, and DNA. The damaged melanocytes secret damage-associated molecular pattern (DAMPs), inducing and increasing inflammatory gene expression response that ultimately leads to melanocytes apoptosis. Vitiligo severity has been also associated with increasing the prevalence and incidence of metabolic syndrome (MetS) or associated disorders such as insulin resistance and hypercholesterolemia. Thus, suggesting that in genetically predisposed individuals, the environmental context that triggers MetS (i.e., sedentary lifestyle) may also be an important trigger for the development and severity of vitiligo disease. This paper will discuss the relationship between the immune system and epidermal melanocytes and their interplay with the redox system. Based on state-of-the-art evidence from the vitiligo research, physical exercise (PE) immunology, and redox system literature, we will also propose chronic PE as a potential therapeutic strategy to treat and prevent vitiligo disease progression. We will present evidence that chronic PE can change the balance of inflammatory to an anti-inflammatory state, improve both EAS and the mitochondrial structure and function (resulting in the decrease of OS). Finally, we will highlight clinically relevant markers that can be analyzed in a new research avenue to test the potential applicability of chronic PE in vitiligo disease. Frontiers Media S.A. 2022-03-10 /pmc/articles/PMC8960951/ /pubmed/35360245 http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fphys.2022.843784 Text en Copyright © 2022 de França, dos Santos, Baptista, Da Silva, Fukushima, Hirota, Martins and Caperuto. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.
spellingShingle Physiology
de França, Elias
dos Santos, Ronaldo V. T.
Baptista, Liliana C.
Da Silva, Marco A. R.
Fukushima, André R.
Hirota, Vinícius B.
Martins, Raul A.
Caperuto, Erico C.
Potential Role of Chronic Physical Exercise as a Treatment in the Development of Vitiligo
title Potential Role of Chronic Physical Exercise as a Treatment in the Development of Vitiligo
title_full Potential Role of Chronic Physical Exercise as a Treatment in the Development of Vitiligo
title_fullStr Potential Role of Chronic Physical Exercise as a Treatment in the Development of Vitiligo
title_full_unstemmed Potential Role of Chronic Physical Exercise as a Treatment in the Development of Vitiligo
title_short Potential Role of Chronic Physical Exercise as a Treatment in the Development of Vitiligo
title_sort potential role of chronic physical exercise as a treatment in the development of vitiligo
topic Physiology
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8960951/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35360245
http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fphys.2022.843784
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