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Differential Impact of the Pinewood Nematode on Pinus Species Under Drought Conditions
The pinewood nematode (PWN), Bursaphelenchus xylophilus, responsible for the pine wilt disease (PWD), is a major threat to pine forests worldwide. Since forest mortality due to PWN might be exacerbated by climate, the concerns regarding PWD in the Mediterranean region are further emphasized by the p...
Autores principales: | , , , , , , , , , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
Frontiers Media S.A.
2022
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8961127/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35360314 http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fpls.2022.841707 |
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author | Estorninho, Mariana Chozas, Sergio Mendes, Angela Colwell, Filipe Abrantes, Isabel Fonseca, Luís Fernandes, Patrícia Costa, Catarina Máguas, Cristina Correia, Otília Antunes, Cristina |
author_facet | Estorninho, Mariana Chozas, Sergio Mendes, Angela Colwell, Filipe Abrantes, Isabel Fonseca, Luís Fernandes, Patrícia Costa, Catarina Máguas, Cristina Correia, Otília Antunes, Cristina |
author_sort | Estorninho, Mariana |
collection | PubMed |
description | The pinewood nematode (PWN), Bursaphelenchus xylophilus, responsible for the pine wilt disease (PWD), is a major threat to pine forests worldwide. Since forest mortality due to PWN might be exacerbated by climate, the concerns regarding PWD in the Mediterranean region are further emphasized by the projected scenarios of more drought events and higher temperatures. In this context, it is essential to better understand the pine species vulnerability to PWN under these conditions. To achieve that, physiological responses and wilting symptoms were monitored in artificially inoculated Pinus pinaster (P. pinaster), Pinus pinea (P. pinea), and Pinus radiata (P. radiata) saplings under controlled temperature (25/30°C) and water availability (watered/water stressed). The results obtained showed that the impact of PWN is species-dependent, being infected P. pinaster and P. radiata more prone to physiological and morphological damage than P. pinea. For the more susceptible species (P. pinaster and P. radiata), the presence of the nematode was the main driver of photosynthetic responses, regardless of their temperature or water regime conditions. Nevertheless, water potential was revealed to be highly affected by the synergy of PWN and the studied abiotic conditions, with higher temperatures (P. pinaster) or water limitation (P. radiata) increasing the impact of nematodes on trees’ water status. Furthermore, water limitation had an influence on nematodes density and its allocation on trees’ structures, with P. pinaster revealing the highest nematode abundance and inner dispersion. In inoculated P. pinea individuals, nematodes’ population decreased significantly, emphasizing this species resistance to PWN. Our findings revealed a synergistic impact of PWN infection and stressful environmental conditions, particularly on the water status of P. pinaster and P. radiata, triggering disease symptoms and mortality of these species. Our results suggest that predicted drought conditions might facilitate proliferation and exacerbate the impact of PWN on these two species, through xylem cavitation, leading to strong changes in pine forests of the Mediterranean regions. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-8961127 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2022 |
publisher | Frontiers Media S.A. |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-89611272022-03-30 Differential Impact of the Pinewood Nematode on Pinus Species Under Drought Conditions Estorninho, Mariana Chozas, Sergio Mendes, Angela Colwell, Filipe Abrantes, Isabel Fonseca, Luís Fernandes, Patrícia Costa, Catarina Máguas, Cristina Correia, Otília Antunes, Cristina Front Plant Sci Plant Science The pinewood nematode (PWN), Bursaphelenchus xylophilus, responsible for the pine wilt disease (PWD), is a major threat to pine forests worldwide. Since forest mortality due to PWN might be exacerbated by climate, the concerns regarding PWD in the Mediterranean region are further emphasized by the projected scenarios of more drought events and higher temperatures. In this context, it is essential to better understand the pine species vulnerability to PWN under these conditions. To achieve that, physiological responses and wilting symptoms were monitored in artificially inoculated Pinus pinaster (P. pinaster), Pinus pinea (P. pinea), and Pinus radiata (P. radiata) saplings under controlled temperature (25/30°C) and water availability (watered/water stressed). The results obtained showed that the impact of PWN is species-dependent, being infected P. pinaster and P. radiata more prone to physiological and morphological damage than P. pinea. For the more susceptible species (P. pinaster and P. radiata), the presence of the nematode was the main driver of photosynthetic responses, regardless of their temperature or water regime conditions. Nevertheless, water potential was revealed to be highly affected by the synergy of PWN and the studied abiotic conditions, with higher temperatures (P. pinaster) or water limitation (P. radiata) increasing the impact of nematodes on trees’ water status. Furthermore, water limitation had an influence on nematodes density and its allocation on trees’ structures, with P. pinaster revealing the highest nematode abundance and inner dispersion. In inoculated P. pinea individuals, nematodes’ population decreased significantly, emphasizing this species resistance to PWN. Our findings revealed a synergistic impact of PWN infection and stressful environmental conditions, particularly on the water status of P. pinaster and P. radiata, triggering disease symptoms and mortality of these species. Our results suggest that predicted drought conditions might facilitate proliferation and exacerbate the impact of PWN on these two species, through xylem cavitation, leading to strong changes in pine forests of the Mediterranean regions. Frontiers Media S.A. 2022-03-10 /pmc/articles/PMC8961127/ /pubmed/35360314 http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fpls.2022.841707 Text en Copyright © 2022 Estorninho, Chozas, Mendes, Colwell, Abrantes, Fonseca, Fernandes, Costa, Máguas, Correia and Antunes. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms. |
spellingShingle | Plant Science Estorninho, Mariana Chozas, Sergio Mendes, Angela Colwell, Filipe Abrantes, Isabel Fonseca, Luís Fernandes, Patrícia Costa, Catarina Máguas, Cristina Correia, Otília Antunes, Cristina Differential Impact of the Pinewood Nematode on Pinus Species Under Drought Conditions |
title | Differential Impact of the Pinewood Nematode on Pinus Species Under Drought Conditions |
title_full | Differential Impact of the Pinewood Nematode on Pinus Species Under Drought Conditions |
title_fullStr | Differential Impact of the Pinewood Nematode on Pinus Species Under Drought Conditions |
title_full_unstemmed | Differential Impact of the Pinewood Nematode on Pinus Species Under Drought Conditions |
title_short | Differential Impact of the Pinewood Nematode on Pinus Species Under Drought Conditions |
title_sort | differential impact of the pinewood nematode on pinus species under drought conditions |
topic | Plant Science |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8961127/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35360314 http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fpls.2022.841707 |
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