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Extracellular Vesicles—New Players in Cell-to-Cell Communication in Gestational Diabetes Mellitus

Research in extracellular vesicles (EVs) has contributed to a better understanding of physiological and pathophysiological conditions. Biologically active cargo, such as miRNAs and proteins, is critical in many different biological processes. In this context, pregnancy is one of the most complex phy...

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Autores principales: Palma, Carlos, McIntyre, H. David, Salomon, Carlos
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: MDPI 2022
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8962272/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35203669
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/biomedicines10020462
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author Palma, Carlos
McIntyre, H. David
Salomon, Carlos
author_facet Palma, Carlos
McIntyre, H. David
Salomon, Carlos
author_sort Palma, Carlos
collection PubMed
description Research in extracellular vesicles (EVs) has contributed to a better understanding of physiological and pathophysiological conditions. Biologically active cargo, such as miRNAs and proteins, is critical in many different biological processes. In this context, pregnancy is one of the most complex physiological states, which needs a highly regulated system to ensure the correct nourishment and development of the baby. However, pre-existent maternal conditions and habits can modify the EV-cargo and dysregulate the system leading to pregnancy complications, with gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) being one of the most reported and influential. Calcification and aging of muscle cells, protein modification in vascular control or variations in the levels of specific miRNAs are some of the changes observed or led by EV populations as adaptation to GDM. Interestingly, insulin sensitivity and glucose tolerance changes are not fully understood to date. Nevertheless, the increasing evidence generated has opened new possibilities in the biomarker discovery field but also in the understanding of cellular mechanisms modified and involved in GDM. This brief review aims to discuss some of the findings in GDM and models used for that purpose and their potential roles in the metabolic alterations during pregnancy, with a focus on insulin sensitivity and glucose tolerance.
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spelling pubmed-89622722022-03-30 Extracellular Vesicles—New Players in Cell-to-Cell Communication in Gestational Diabetes Mellitus Palma, Carlos McIntyre, H. David Salomon, Carlos Biomedicines Review Research in extracellular vesicles (EVs) has contributed to a better understanding of physiological and pathophysiological conditions. Biologically active cargo, such as miRNAs and proteins, is critical in many different biological processes. In this context, pregnancy is one of the most complex physiological states, which needs a highly regulated system to ensure the correct nourishment and development of the baby. However, pre-existent maternal conditions and habits can modify the EV-cargo and dysregulate the system leading to pregnancy complications, with gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) being one of the most reported and influential. Calcification and aging of muscle cells, protein modification in vascular control or variations in the levels of specific miRNAs are some of the changes observed or led by EV populations as adaptation to GDM. Interestingly, insulin sensitivity and glucose tolerance changes are not fully understood to date. Nevertheless, the increasing evidence generated has opened new possibilities in the biomarker discovery field but also in the understanding of cellular mechanisms modified and involved in GDM. This brief review aims to discuss some of the findings in GDM and models used for that purpose and their potential roles in the metabolic alterations during pregnancy, with a focus on insulin sensitivity and glucose tolerance. MDPI 2022-02-16 /pmc/articles/PMC8962272/ /pubmed/35203669 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/biomedicines10020462 Text en © 2022 by the authors. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
spellingShingle Review
Palma, Carlos
McIntyre, H. David
Salomon, Carlos
Extracellular Vesicles—New Players in Cell-to-Cell Communication in Gestational Diabetes Mellitus
title Extracellular Vesicles—New Players in Cell-to-Cell Communication in Gestational Diabetes Mellitus
title_full Extracellular Vesicles—New Players in Cell-to-Cell Communication in Gestational Diabetes Mellitus
title_fullStr Extracellular Vesicles—New Players in Cell-to-Cell Communication in Gestational Diabetes Mellitus
title_full_unstemmed Extracellular Vesicles—New Players in Cell-to-Cell Communication in Gestational Diabetes Mellitus
title_short Extracellular Vesicles—New Players in Cell-to-Cell Communication in Gestational Diabetes Mellitus
title_sort extracellular vesicles—new players in cell-to-cell communication in gestational diabetes mellitus
topic Review
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8962272/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35203669
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/biomedicines10020462
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