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Regional importation and asymmetric within-country spread of SARS-CoV-2 variants of concern in the Netherlands
Variants of concern (VOCs) of SARS-CoV-2 have caused resurging waves of infections worldwide. In the Netherlands, Alpha, Beta, Gamma and Delta variants circulated widely between September 2020 and August 2021. To understand how various control measures had impacted the spread of these VOCs, we analy...
Autores principales: | , , , , , , , , , , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory
2022
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8963694/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35350194 http://dx.doi.org/10.1101/2022.03.21.22272611 |
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author | Han, Alvin X. Kozanli, Eva Koopsen, Jelle Vennema, Harry Hajji, Karim Kroneman, Annelies van Walle, Ivo Klinkenberg, Don Wallinga, Jacco Russell, Colin A. Eggink, Dirk Reusken, Chantal B.E.M. |
author_facet | Han, Alvin X. Kozanli, Eva Koopsen, Jelle Vennema, Harry Hajji, Karim Kroneman, Annelies van Walle, Ivo Klinkenberg, Don Wallinga, Jacco Russell, Colin A. Eggink, Dirk Reusken, Chantal B.E.M. |
author_sort | Han, Alvin X. |
collection | PubMed |
description | Variants of concern (VOCs) of SARS-CoV-2 have caused resurging waves of infections worldwide. In the Netherlands, Alpha, Beta, Gamma and Delta variants circulated widely between September 2020 and August 2021. To understand how various control measures had impacted the spread of these VOCs, we analyzed 39,844 SARS-CoV-2 genomes collected under the Dutch national surveillance program. We found that all four VOCs were introduced before targeted flight restrictions were imposed on countries where the VOCs first emerged. Importantly, foreign introductions, predominantly from other European countries, continued during these restrictions. Our findings show that flight restrictions had limited effectiveness in deterring VOC introductions due to the strength of regional land travel importation risks. We also found that the Alpha and Delta variants largely circulated more populous regions with international connections after their respective introduction before asymmetric bidirectional transmissions occurred with the rest of the country and the variant dominated infections in the Netherlands. As countries consider scaling down SARS-CoV-2 surveillance efforts in the post-crisis phase of the pandemic, our results highlight that robust surveillance in regions of early spread is important for providing timely information for variant detection and outbreak control. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-8963694 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2022 |
publisher | Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-89636942022-03-30 Regional importation and asymmetric within-country spread of SARS-CoV-2 variants of concern in the Netherlands Han, Alvin X. Kozanli, Eva Koopsen, Jelle Vennema, Harry Hajji, Karim Kroneman, Annelies van Walle, Ivo Klinkenberg, Don Wallinga, Jacco Russell, Colin A. Eggink, Dirk Reusken, Chantal B.E.M. medRxiv Article Variants of concern (VOCs) of SARS-CoV-2 have caused resurging waves of infections worldwide. In the Netherlands, Alpha, Beta, Gamma and Delta variants circulated widely between September 2020 and August 2021. To understand how various control measures had impacted the spread of these VOCs, we analyzed 39,844 SARS-CoV-2 genomes collected under the Dutch national surveillance program. We found that all four VOCs were introduced before targeted flight restrictions were imposed on countries where the VOCs first emerged. Importantly, foreign introductions, predominantly from other European countries, continued during these restrictions. Our findings show that flight restrictions had limited effectiveness in deterring VOC introductions due to the strength of regional land travel importation risks. We also found that the Alpha and Delta variants largely circulated more populous regions with international connections after their respective introduction before asymmetric bidirectional transmissions occurred with the rest of the country and the variant dominated infections in the Netherlands. As countries consider scaling down SARS-CoV-2 surveillance efforts in the post-crisis phase of the pandemic, our results highlight that robust surveillance in regions of early spread is important for providing timely information for variant detection and outbreak control. Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory 2022-03-22 /pmc/articles/PMC8963694/ /pubmed/35350194 http://dx.doi.org/10.1101/2022.03.21.22272611 Text en https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/) , which allows reusers to copy and distribute the material in any medium or format in unadapted form only, for noncommercial purposes only, and only so long as attribution is given to the creator. |
spellingShingle | Article Han, Alvin X. Kozanli, Eva Koopsen, Jelle Vennema, Harry Hajji, Karim Kroneman, Annelies van Walle, Ivo Klinkenberg, Don Wallinga, Jacco Russell, Colin A. Eggink, Dirk Reusken, Chantal B.E.M. Regional importation and asymmetric within-country spread of SARS-CoV-2 variants of concern in the Netherlands |
title | Regional importation and asymmetric within-country spread of SARS-CoV-2 variants of concern in the Netherlands |
title_full | Regional importation and asymmetric within-country spread of SARS-CoV-2 variants of concern in the Netherlands |
title_fullStr | Regional importation and asymmetric within-country spread of SARS-CoV-2 variants of concern in the Netherlands |
title_full_unstemmed | Regional importation and asymmetric within-country spread of SARS-CoV-2 variants of concern in the Netherlands |
title_short | Regional importation and asymmetric within-country spread of SARS-CoV-2 variants of concern in the Netherlands |
title_sort | regional importation and asymmetric within-country spread of sars-cov-2 variants of concern in the netherlands |
topic | Article |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8963694/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35350194 http://dx.doi.org/10.1101/2022.03.21.22272611 |
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