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Quantifying force transmission through fibroblasts: changes of traction forces under external shearing
Mammalian cells have evolved complex mechanical connections to their microenvironment, including focal adhesion clusters that physically connect the cytoskeleton and the extracellular matrix. This mechanical link is also part of the cellular machinery to transduce, sense and respond to external forc...
Autores principales: | , , , , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
Springer International Publishing
2021
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8964583/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34713316 http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00249-021-01576-8 |
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author | Huth, Steven Blumberg, Johannes W. Probst, Dimitri Lammerding, Jan Schwarz, Ulrich S. Selhuber-Unkel, Christine |
author_facet | Huth, Steven Blumberg, Johannes W. Probst, Dimitri Lammerding, Jan Schwarz, Ulrich S. Selhuber-Unkel, Christine |
author_sort | Huth, Steven |
collection | PubMed |
description | Mammalian cells have evolved complex mechanical connections to their microenvironment, including focal adhesion clusters that physically connect the cytoskeleton and the extracellular matrix. This mechanical link is also part of the cellular machinery to transduce, sense and respond to external forces. Although methods to measure cell attachment and cellular traction forces are well established, these are not capable of quantifying force transmission through the cell body to adhesion sites. We here present a novel approach to quantify intracellular force transmission by combining microneedle shearing at the apical cell surface with traction force microscopy at the basal cell surface. The change of traction forces exerted by fibroblasts to underlying polyacrylamide substrates as a response to a known shear force exerted with a calibrated microneedle reveals that cells redistribute forces dynamically under external shearing and during sequential rupture of their adhesion sites. Our quantitative results demonstrate a transition from dipolar to monopolar traction patterns, an inhomogeneous distribution of the external shear force to the adhesion sites as well as dynamical changes in force loading prior to and after the rupture of single adhesion sites. Our strategy of combining traction force microscopy with external force application opens new perspectives for future studies of force transmission and mechanotransduction in cells. SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION: The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s00249-021-01576-8. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-8964583 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2021 |
publisher | Springer International Publishing |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-89645832022-04-07 Quantifying force transmission through fibroblasts: changes of traction forces under external shearing Huth, Steven Blumberg, Johannes W. Probst, Dimitri Lammerding, Jan Schwarz, Ulrich S. Selhuber-Unkel, Christine Eur Biophys J Original Article Mammalian cells have evolved complex mechanical connections to their microenvironment, including focal adhesion clusters that physically connect the cytoskeleton and the extracellular matrix. This mechanical link is also part of the cellular machinery to transduce, sense and respond to external forces. Although methods to measure cell attachment and cellular traction forces are well established, these are not capable of quantifying force transmission through the cell body to adhesion sites. We here present a novel approach to quantify intracellular force transmission by combining microneedle shearing at the apical cell surface with traction force microscopy at the basal cell surface. The change of traction forces exerted by fibroblasts to underlying polyacrylamide substrates as a response to a known shear force exerted with a calibrated microneedle reveals that cells redistribute forces dynamically under external shearing and during sequential rupture of their adhesion sites. Our quantitative results demonstrate a transition from dipolar to monopolar traction patterns, an inhomogeneous distribution of the external shear force to the adhesion sites as well as dynamical changes in force loading prior to and after the rupture of single adhesion sites. Our strategy of combining traction force microscopy with external force application opens new perspectives for future studies of force transmission and mechanotransduction in cells. SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION: The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s00249-021-01576-8. Springer International Publishing 2021-10-28 2022 /pmc/articles/PMC8964583/ /pubmed/34713316 http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00249-021-01576-8 Text en © The Author(s) 2021 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Open AccessThis article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/) . |
spellingShingle | Original Article Huth, Steven Blumberg, Johannes W. Probst, Dimitri Lammerding, Jan Schwarz, Ulrich S. Selhuber-Unkel, Christine Quantifying force transmission through fibroblasts: changes of traction forces under external shearing |
title | Quantifying force transmission through fibroblasts: changes of traction forces under external shearing |
title_full | Quantifying force transmission through fibroblasts: changes of traction forces under external shearing |
title_fullStr | Quantifying force transmission through fibroblasts: changes of traction forces under external shearing |
title_full_unstemmed | Quantifying force transmission through fibroblasts: changes of traction forces under external shearing |
title_short | Quantifying force transmission through fibroblasts: changes of traction forces under external shearing |
title_sort | quantifying force transmission through fibroblasts: changes of traction forces under external shearing |
topic | Original Article |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8964583/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34713316 http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00249-021-01576-8 |
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