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Porcine Endogenous Retroviruses: Quantification of the Viral Copy Number for the Four Miniature Pig Breeds in China

Domestic pigs has served not only as one of the most important economy livestock but also as ideal organ-source animals owing to similarity in anatomy, physiology, and organ size to humans. Howerer, the barrier of the cross-species transmission risk of porcine endogenous retrovirus (PERVs) blocked t...

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Autores principales: Lu, Tao-feng, Sun, Bo, Yu, Tai-yong, Wu, Yan-jun, Zhou, Jie, Wu, Shu-guang
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: Frontiers Media S.A. 2022
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8965148/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35369498
http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fmicb.2022.840347
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author Lu, Tao-feng
Sun, Bo
Yu, Tai-yong
Wu, Yan-jun
Zhou, Jie
Wu, Shu-guang
author_facet Lu, Tao-feng
Sun, Bo
Yu, Tai-yong
Wu, Yan-jun
Zhou, Jie
Wu, Shu-guang
author_sort Lu, Tao-feng
collection PubMed
description Domestic pigs has served not only as one of the most important economy livestock but also as ideal organ-source animals owing to similarity in anatomy, physiology, and organ size to humans. Howerer, the barrier of the cross-species transmission risk of porcine endogenous retrovirus (PERVs) blocked the pig-to-human xenotransplantation. PERVs are integrated into pigs’ genomes and cannot be eliminated by designated or specified pathogen-free breeding. PERVs are an important biosafety issue in xenotransplantation because they can be released from normal pig cells and infect human cells in vitro under certain conditions. Screening and analyzing the presence of PERVs in pig genome will provide essential parameters for pig breed sources. In China, four miniature pig breeds, such as Guizhou miniature pig (GZ), Bama miniature pig (BM), Wuzhishan miniature pig (WZS), and Juema miniature pig (JM), were the main experimental miniature pig breeds, which were widely used. In this study, PCR was performed to amplify env-A, env-B, and env-C for all individuals from the four breeds. The results revealed that PERV env-A and env-B were detected in all individuals and the lowest ratios of PERV env-C was 17.6% (3/17) in the GZ breed. Then, PERV pol and GAPDH were detected using the droplet digital PCR (ddPCR) method. As the reference of GAPDH copy number, the copy numbers of PERVs were at the median of 12, 16, 14, and 16 in the four miniature pig breeds (GZ, BM, WZS, and JM), respectively. Furthermore, the copy number of the PERV pol gene in many organs from the GZ breed was analyzed using ddPCR. The copy numbers of PERV pol gene were at the median of 7 copies, 8 copies, 8 copies, 11 copies, 5 copies, 6 copies, and 7 copies in heart, liver, spleen, lung, kidney, muscle, and skin, and the maximum number was 11 copies in the lung. The minimum number was 5 copies in the kidney as the reference of GAPDH. These data suggest that GZ breed has the lower PERVs copy number in the genome, and may be an ideal organ-source miniature pig breed for the study of the pig-to-human xenotransplantation.
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spelling pubmed-89651482022-03-31 Porcine Endogenous Retroviruses: Quantification of the Viral Copy Number for the Four Miniature Pig Breeds in China Lu, Tao-feng Sun, Bo Yu, Tai-yong Wu, Yan-jun Zhou, Jie Wu, Shu-guang Front Microbiol Microbiology Domestic pigs has served not only as one of the most important economy livestock but also as ideal organ-source animals owing to similarity in anatomy, physiology, and organ size to humans. Howerer, the barrier of the cross-species transmission risk of porcine endogenous retrovirus (PERVs) blocked the pig-to-human xenotransplantation. PERVs are integrated into pigs’ genomes and cannot be eliminated by designated or specified pathogen-free breeding. PERVs are an important biosafety issue in xenotransplantation because they can be released from normal pig cells and infect human cells in vitro under certain conditions. Screening and analyzing the presence of PERVs in pig genome will provide essential parameters for pig breed sources. In China, four miniature pig breeds, such as Guizhou miniature pig (GZ), Bama miniature pig (BM), Wuzhishan miniature pig (WZS), and Juema miniature pig (JM), were the main experimental miniature pig breeds, which were widely used. In this study, PCR was performed to amplify env-A, env-B, and env-C for all individuals from the four breeds. The results revealed that PERV env-A and env-B were detected in all individuals and the lowest ratios of PERV env-C was 17.6% (3/17) in the GZ breed. Then, PERV pol and GAPDH were detected using the droplet digital PCR (ddPCR) method. As the reference of GAPDH copy number, the copy numbers of PERVs were at the median of 12, 16, 14, and 16 in the four miniature pig breeds (GZ, BM, WZS, and JM), respectively. Furthermore, the copy number of the PERV pol gene in many organs from the GZ breed was analyzed using ddPCR. The copy numbers of PERV pol gene were at the median of 7 copies, 8 copies, 8 copies, 11 copies, 5 copies, 6 copies, and 7 copies in heart, liver, spleen, lung, kidney, muscle, and skin, and the maximum number was 11 copies in the lung. The minimum number was 5 copies in the kidney as the reference of GAPDH. These data suggest that GZ breed has the lower PERVs copy number in the genome, and may be an ideal organ-source miniature pig breed for the study of the pig-to-human xenotransplantation. Frontiers Media S.A. 2022-03-15 /pmc/articles/PMC8965148/ /pubmed/35369498 http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fmicb.2022.840347 Text en Copyright © 2022 Lu, Sun, Yu, Wu, Zhou and Wu. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.
spellingShingle Microbiology
Lu, Tao-feng
Sun, Bo
Yu, Tai-yong
Wu, Yan-jun
Zhou, Jie
Wu, Shu-guang
Porcine Endogenous Retroviruses: Quantification of the Viral Copy Number for the Four Miniature Pig Breeds in China
title Porcine Endogenous Retroviruses: Quantification of the Viral Copy Number for the Four Miniature Pig Breeds in China
title_full Porcine Endogenous Retroviruses: Quantification of the Viral Copy Number for the Four Miniature Pig Breeds in China
title_fullStr Porcine Endogenous Retroviruses: Quantification of the Viral Copy Number for the Four Miniature Pig Breeds in China
title_full_unstemmed Porcine Endogenous Retroviruses: Quantification of the Viral Copy Number for the Four Miniature Pig Breeds in China
title_short Porcine Endogenous Retroviruses: Quantification of the Viral Copy Number for the Four Miniature Pig Breeds in China
title_sort porcine endogenous retroviruses: quantification of the viral copy number for the four miniature pig breeds in china
topic Microbiology
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8965148/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35369498
http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fmicb.2022.840347
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