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Acute kidney injury in dogs: Etiology, clinical and clinicopathologic findings, prognostic markers, and outcome
BACKGROUND: Acute kidney injury (AKI) is a common, potentially fatal condition. OBJECTIVES: To characterize the etiologies, clinical and clinicopathologic findings, hospitalization period, and outcome of dogs with AKI and to identify markers of negative prognosis. ANIMALS: Two hundred forty‐nine cli...
Autores principales: | , , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
2022
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8965273/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35103347 http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/jvim.16375 |
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author | Rimer, Dar Chen, Hilla Bar‐Nathan, Mali Segev, Gilad |
author_facet | Rimer, Dar Chen, Hilla Bar‐Nathan, Mali Segev, Gilad |
author_sort | Rimer, Dar |
collection | PubMed |
description | BACKGROUND: Acute kidney injury (AKI) is a common, potentially fatal condition. OBJECTIVES: To characterize the etiologies, clinical and clinicopathologic findings, hospitalization period, and outcome of dogs with AKI and to identify markers of negative prognosis. ANIMALS: Two hundred forty‐nine client‐own dogs diagnosed with AKI and hospitalized at a veterinary teaching hospital. METHODS: Retrospective study. Search of medical records for dogs with AKI. RESULTS: Common clinical signs included lethargy (225/249, 90%), anorexia (206/249, 83%), and vomiting (168/249, 68%). Etiologies included ischemic/inflammatory (144/249, 58%), infectious (19/249, 8%), nephrotoxicosis (14/249, 6%), or other (13/249, 5%). Hospital‐acquired AKI was diagnosed in 9% (23/249) of the dogs. Median presentation and peak serum creatinine (sCr) concentrations were 4 mg/dL (range, 1.1‐37.9) and 4.6 mg/dL (range, 1.1‐43.1), respectively. Dogs were classified to AKI grades as follows: Grade I, 6 (2%), Grade II, 38 (15%), Grade III, 89 (36%), Grade IV, 77 (31%), and Grade V, 39 (16%). One hundred and sixty‐four (66%) dogs survived. There was a positive association between death and AKI grade (P = .009). The case fatality rate was higher among dogs with anuria compared with dogs without anuria (50% vs 28%, respectively; odds ratio [95% confidence interval]: 2.5 [1.39‐4.6]; P = .002). Forty‐seven (18.8%) dogs underwent hemodialysis, of which 60% survived. CONCLUSION AND CLINICAL IMPORTANCE: Two‐thirds of dogs with AKI survived. Hospital‐acquired AKI was common. The severity of AKI, as reflected by presence of anuria, AKI grade, and other body organs involvement, was associated with the outcome. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-8965273 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2022 |
publisher | John Wiley & Sons, Inc. |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-89652732022-04-05 Acute kidney injury in dogs: Etiology, clinical and clinicopathologic findings, prognostic markers, and outcome Rimer, Dar Chen, Hilla Bar‐Nathan, Mali Segev, Gilad J Vet Intern Med SMALL ANIMAL BACKGROUND: Acute kidney injury (AKI) is a common, potentially fatal condition. OBJECTIVES: To characterize the etiologies, clinical and clinicopathologic findings, hospitalization period, and outcome of dogs with AKI and to identify markers of negative prognosis. ANIMALS: Two hundred forty‐nine client‐own dogs diagnosed with AKI and hospitalized at a veterinary teaching hospital. METHODS: Retrospective study. Search of medical records for dogs with AKI. RESULTS: Common clinical signs included lethargy (225/249, 90%), anorexia (206/249, 83%), and vomiting (168/249, 68%). Etiologies included ischemic/inflammatory (144/249, 58%), infectious (19/249, 8%), nephrotoxicosis (14/249, 6%), or other (13/249, 5%). Hospital‐acquired AKI was diagnosed in 9% (23/249) of the dogs. Median presentation and peak serum creatinine (sCr) concentrations were 4 mg/dL (range, 1.1‐37.9) and 4.6 mg/dL (range, 1.1‐43.1), respectively. Dogs were classified to AKI grades as follows: Grade I, 6 (2%), Grade II, 38 (15%), Grade III, 89 (36%), Grade IV, 77 (31%), and Grade V, 39 (16%). One hundred and sixty‐four (66%) dogs survived. There was a positive association between death and AKI grade (P = .009). The case fatality rate was higher among dogs with anuria compared with dogs without anuria (50% vs 28%, respectively; odds ratio [95% confidence interval]: 2.5 [1.39‐4.6]; P = .002). Forty‐seven (18.8%) dogs underwent hemodialysis, of which 60% survived. CONCLUSION AND CLINICAL IMPORTANCE: Two‐thirds of dogs with AKI survived. Hospital‐acquired AKI was common. The severity of AKI, as reflected by presence of anuria, AKI grade, and other body organs involvement, was associated with the outcome. John Wiley & Sons, Inc. 2022-02-01 2022-03 /pmc/articles/PMC8965273/ /pubmed/35103347 http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/jvim.16375 Text en © 2022 The Authors. Journal of Veterinary Internal Medicine published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of American College of Veterinary Internal Medicine. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/This is an open access article under the terms of the http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/ (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/) License, which permits use and distribution in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited, the use is non‐commercial and no modifications or adaptations are made. |
spellingShingle | SMALL ANIMAL Rimer, Dar Chen, Hilla Bar‐Nathan, Mali Segev, Gilad Acute kidney injury in dogs: Etiology, clinical and clinicopathologic findings, prognostic markers, and outcome |
title | Acute kidney injury in dogs: Etiology, clinical and clinicopathologic findings, prognostic markers, and outcome |
title_full | Acute kidney injury in dogs: Etiology, clinical and clinicopathologic findings, prognostic markers, and outcome |
title_fullStr | Acute kidney injury in dogs: Etiology, clinical and clinicopathologic findings, prognostic markers, and outcome |
title_full_unstemmed | Acute kidney injury in dogs: Etiology, clinical and clinicopathologic findings, prognostic markers, and outcome |
title_short | Acute kidney injury in dogs: Etiology, clinical and clinicopathologic findings, prognostic markers, and outcome |
title_sort | acute kidney injury in dogs: etiology, clinical and clinicopathologic findings, prognostic markers, and outcome |
topic | SMALL ANIMAL |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8965273/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35103347 http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/jvim.16375 |
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