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Emulating interactions between microorganisms and tumor microenvironment to develop cancer theranostics
The occurrence of microorganisms has been confirmed in the tumor microenvironment (TME) of many different organs. Microorganisms (e.g., phage, virus, bacteria, fungi, and protozoa) present in TME modulate TME to inhibit or promote tumor growth in species-dependent manners due to the special physiolo...
Autores principales: | , , , , , , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
Ivyspring International Publisher
2022
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8965491/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35401838 http://dx.doi.org/10.7150/thno.70719 |
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author | Jiang, Tongmeng Yang, Tao Chen, Yingfan Miao, Yao Xu, Yajing Jiang, Honglin Yang, Mingying Mao, Chuanbin |
author_facet | Jiang, Tongmeng Yang, Tao Chen, Yingfan Miao, Yao Xu, Yajing Jiang, Honglin Yang, Mingying Mao, Chuanbin |
author_sort | Jiang, Tongmeng |
collection | PubMed |
description | The occurrence of microorganisms has been confirmed in the tumor microenvironment (TME) of many different organs. Microorganisms (e.g., phage, virus, bacteria, fungi, and protozoa) present in TME modulate TME to inhibit or promote tumor growth in species-dependent manners due to the special physiological and pathological features of each microorganism. Such microorganism-TME interactions have recently been emulated to turn microorganisms into powerful cancer theranostic agents. To facilitate scientists to explore microorganisms-TME interactions further to develop improved cancer theranostics, here we critically review the characteristics of different microorganisms that can be found in TME, their interactions with TME, and their current applications in cancer diagnosis and therapy. Clinical trials of using microorganisms for cancer theranostics are also summarized and discussed. Moreover, the emerging technology of whole-metagenome sequencing that can be employed to precisely determine microbiota spectra is described. Such technology enables scientists to gain an in-depth understanding of the species and distributions of microorganisms in TME. Therefore, scientists now have new tools to identify microorganisms (either naturally present in or introduced into TME) that can be used as effective probes, monitors, vaccines, or drugs for potentially advancing cancer theranostics to clinical applications. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-8965491 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2022 |
publisher | Ivyspring International Publisher |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-89654912022-04-07 Emulating interactions between microorganisms and tumor microenvironment to develop cancer theranostics Jiang, Tongmeng Yang, Tao Chen, Yingfan Miao, Yao Xu, Yajing Jiang, Honglin Yang, Mingying Mao, Chuanbin Theranostics Review The occurrence of microorganisms has been confirmed in the tumor microenvironment (TME) of many different organs. Microorganisms (e.g., phage, virus, bacteria, fungi, and protozoa) present in TME modulate TME to inhibit or promote tumor growth in species-dependent manners due to the special physiological and pathological features of each microorganism. Such microorganism-TME interactions have recently been emulated to turn microorganisms into powerful cancer theranostic agents. To facilitate scientists to explore microorganisms-TME interactions further to develop improved cancer theranostics, here we critically review the characteristics of different microorganisms that can be found in TME, their interactions with TME, and their current applications in cancer diagnosis and therapy. Clinical trials of using microorganisms for cancer theranostics are also summarized and discussed. Moreover, the emerging technology of whole-metagenome sequencing that can be employed to precisely determine microbiota spectra is described. Such technology enables scientists to gain an in-depth understanding of the species and distributions of microorganisms in TME. Therefore, scientists now have new tools to identify microorganisms (either naturally present in or introduced into TME) that can be used as effective probes, monitors, vaccines, or drugs for potentially advancing cancer theranostics to clinical applications. Ivyspring International Publisher 2022-03-14 /pmc/articles/PMC8965491/ /pubmed/35401838 http://dx.doi.org/10.7150/thno.70719 Text en © The author(s) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). See http://ivyspring.com/terms for full terms and conditions. |
spellingShingle | Review Jiang, Tongmeng Yang, Tao Chen, Yingfan Miao, Yao Xu, Yajing Jiang, Honglin Yang, Mingying Mao, Chuanbin Emulating interactions between microorganisms and tumor microenvironment to develop cancer theranostics |
title | Emulating interactions between microorganisms and tumor microenvironment to develop cancer theranostics |
title_full | Emulating interactions between microorganisms and tumor microenvironment to develop cancer theranostics |
title_fullStr | Emulating interactions between microorganisms and tumor microenvironment to develop cancer theranostics |
title_full_unstemmed | Emulating interactions between microorganisms and tumor microenvironment to develop cancer theranostics |
title_short | Emulating interactions between microorganisms and tumor microenvironment to develop cancer theranostics |
title_sort | emulating interactions between microorganisms and tumor microenvironment to develop cancer theranostics |
topic | Review |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8965491/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35401838 http://dx.doi.org/10.7150/thno.70719 |
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