Identification of Candidate Genes Controlling Soybean Cyst Nematode Resistance in “Handou 10” Based on Genome and Transcriptome Analyzes

Soybean cyst nematode (SCN; Heterodera glycines Ichinohe) is a highly destructive pathogen for soybean production worldwide. The use of resistant varieties is the most effective way of preventing yield loss. Handou 10 is a commercial soybean variety with desirable agronomic traits and SCN resistance, however genes underlying the SCN resistance in the variety are unknown. An F(2:8) recombinant inbred line (RIL) population derived from a cross between Zheng 9525 (susceptible) and Handou 10 was developed and its resistance to SCN HG type 2.5.7 (race 1) and 1.2.5.7 (race 2) was identified. We identified seven quantitative trait loci (QTLs) with additive effects. Among these, three QTLs on Chromosomes 7, 8, and 18 were resistant to both races. These QTLs could explain 1.91–7.73% of the phenotypic variation of SCN’s female index. The QTLs on chromosomes 8 and 18 have already been reported and were most likely overlapped with rhg1 and Rhg4 loci, respectively. However, the QTL on chromosome 7 was novel. Candidate genes for the three QTLs were predicted through genes functional analysis and transcriptome analysis of infected roots of Handou 10 vs. Zheng 9525. Transcriptome analysis performed also indicated that the plant–pathogen interaction played an important role in the SCN resistance for Handou 10. The information will facilitate SCN–resistant gene cloning, and the novel resistant gene will be a source for improving soybeans’ resistance to SCN.