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Prudent Antimicrobial Use Is Essential to Prevent the Emergence of Antimicrobial Resistance in Yersinia enterocolitica 4/O:3 Strains in Pigs
Yersinia enterocolitica is a psychrotrophic zoonotic foodborne pathogen. Pigs are considered the main reservoir of Y. enterocolitica 4/O:3, which is the most commonly isolated bioserotype in many European countries. Consuming pork contaminated with Y. enterocolitica can be a health threat, and antim...
Autores principales: | , , , , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
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Frontiers Media S.A.
2022
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Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8967395/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35369517 http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fmicb.2022.841841 |
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author | Koskinen, Juho Ortiz-Martínez, Pilar Keto-Timonen, Riikka Joutsen, Suvi Fredriksson-Ahomaa, Maria Korkeala, Hannu |
author_facet | Koskinen, Juho Ortiz-Martínez, Pilar Keto-Timonen, Riikka Joutsen, Suvi Fredriksson-Ahomaa, Maria Korkeala, Hannu |
author_sort | Koskinen, Juho |
collection | PubMed |
description | Yersinia enterocolitica is a psychrotrophic zoonotic foodborne pathogen. Pigs are considered the main reservoir of Y. enterocolitica 4/O:3, which is the most commonly isolated bioserotype in many European countries. Consuming pork contaminated with Y. enterocolitica can be a health threat, and antimicrobial-resistant strains may complicate the treatment of the most severe forms of yersiniosis. We analyzed the antimicrobial resistance of 1,016 pathogenic porcine Y. enterocolitica 4/O:3 strains originating from Belgium, Estonia, Finland, Germany, Italy, Latvia, Russia, Spain, and the United Kingdom. Based on available reports, we also compared antimicrobial sales for food production animals in these countries, excluding Russia. Antimicrobial resistance profiles were determined using a broth microdilution method with VetMIC plates for 13 antimicrobial agents: ampicillin, cefotaxime, ceftiofur (CTF), chloramphenicol (CHL), ciprofloxacin, florfenicol, gentamicin, kanamycin, nalidixic acid (NAL), streptomycin (STR), sulfamethoxazole (SME), tetracycline (TET), and trimethoprim (TMP). The antimicrobial resistance of Y. enterocolitica 4/O:3 strains varied widely between the countries. Strains resistant to antimicrobial agents other than ampicillin were rare in Estonia, Finland, Latvia, and Russia, with prevalence of 0.7, 0.4, 0, and 8.3%, respectively. The highest prevalence of antimicrobial resistance was found in Spanish and Italian strains, with 98 and 61% of the strains being resistant to at least two antimicrobial agents, respectively. Resistance to at least four antimicrobial agents was found in 34% of Spanish, 19% of Italian, and 7.1% of English strains. Antimicrobial resistance was more common in countries where the total sales of antimicrobials for food production animals are high and orally administered medications are common. Our results indicate that antimicrobials should be used responsibly to treat infections, and parenteral medications should be preferred to orally administered mass medications. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-8967395 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2022 |
publisher | Frontiers Media S.A. |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-89673952022-03-31 Prudent Antimicrobial Use Is Essential to Prevent the Emergence of Antimicrobial Resistance in Yersinia enterocolitica 4/O:3 Strains in Pigs Koskinen, Juho Ortiz-Martínez, Pilar Keto-Timonen, Riikka Joutsen, Suvi Fredriksson-Ahomaa, Maria Korkeala, Hannu Front Microbiol Microbiology Yersinia enterocolitica is a psychrotrophic zoonotic foodborne pathogen. Pigs are considered the main reservoir of Y. enterocolitica 4/O:3, which is the most commonly isolated bioserotype in many European countries. Consuming pork contaminated with Y. enterocolitica can be a health threat, and antimicrobial-resistant strains may complicate the treatment of the most severe forms of yersiniosis. We analyzed the antimicrobial resistance of 1,016 pathogenic porcine Y. enterocolitica 4/O:3 strains originating from Belgium, Estonia, Finland, Germany, Italy, Latvia, Russia, Spain, and the United Kingdom. Based on available reports, we also compared antimicrobial sales for food production animals in these countries, excluding Russia. Antimicrobial resistance profiles were determined using a broth microdilution method with VetMIC plates for 13 antimicrobial agents: ampicillin, cefotaxime, ceftiofur (CTF), chloramphenicol (CHL), ciprofloxacin, florfenicol, gentamicin, kanamycin, nalidixic acid (NAL), streptomycin (STR), sulfamethoxazole (SME), tetracycline (TET), and trimethoprim (TMP). The antimicrobial resistance of Y. enterocolitica 4/O:3 strains varied widely between the countries. Strains resistant to antimicrobial agents other than ampicillin were rare in Estonia, Finland, Latvia, and Russia, with prevalence of 0.7, 0.4, 0, and 8.3%, respectively. The highest prevalence of antimicrobial resistance was found in Spanish and Italian strains, with 98 and 61% of the strains being resistant to at least two antimicrobial agents, respectively. Resistance to at least four antimicrobial agents was found in 34% of Spanish, 19% of Italian, and 7.1% of English strains. Antimicrobial resistance was more common in countries where the total sales of antimicrobials for food production animals are high and orally administered medications are common. Our results indicate that antimicrobials should be used responsibly to treat infections, and parenteral medications should be preferred to orally administered mass medications. Frontiers Media S.A. 2022-03-10 /pmc/articles/PMC8967395/ /pubmed/35369517 http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fmicb.2022.841841 Text en Copyright © 2022 Koskinen, Ortiz-Martínez, Keto-Timonen, Joutsen, Fredriksson-Ahomaa and Korkeala. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms. |
spellingShingle | Microbiology Koskinen, Juho Ortiz-Martínez, Pilar Keto-Timonen, Riikka Joutsen, Suvi Fredriksson-Ahomaa, Maria Korkeala, Hannu Prudent Antimicrobial Use Is Essential to Prevent the Emergence of Antimicrobial Resistance in Yersinia enterocolitica 4/O:3 Strains in Pigs |
title | Prudent Antimicrobial Use Is Essential to Prevent the Emergence of Antimicrobial Resistance in Yersinia enterocolitica 4/O:3 Strains in Pigs |
title_full | Prudent Antimicrobial Use Is Essential to Prevent the Emergence of Antimicrobial Resistance in Yersinia enterocolitica 4/O:3 Strains in Pigs |
title_fullStr | Prudent Antimicrobial Use Is Essential to Prevent the Emergence of Antimicrobial Resistance in Yersinia enterocolitica 4/O:3 Strains in Pigs |
title_full_unstemmed | Prudent Antimicrobial Use Is Essential to Prevent the Emergence of Antimicrobial Resistance in Yersinia enterocolitica 4/O:3 Strains in Pigs |
title_short | Prudent Antimicrobial Use Is Essential to Prevent the Emergence of Antimicrobial Resistance in Yersinia enterocolitica 4/O:3 Strains in Pigs |
title_sort | prudent antimicrobial use is essential to prevent the emergence of antimicrobial resistance in yersinia enterocolitica 4/o:3 strains in pigs |
topic | Microbiology |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8967395/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35369517 http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fmicb.2022.841841 |
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