Analysis of Gene-Environment Interactions Related to Developmental Disorders

Various genetic and environmental factors are associated with developmental disorders (DDs). It has been suggested that interaction between genetic and environmental factors (G [Formula: see text] E) is involved in the etiology of DDs. There are two major approaches to analyze the interaction: genome-wide and candidate gene-based approaches. In this mini-review, we demonstrate how these approaches can be applied to reveal the G [Formula: see text] E related to DDs focusing on zebrafish and mouse models. We also discuss novel approaches to analyze the G [Formula: see text] E associated with DDs.