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Good, bad, and neglectful: Astrocyte changes in neurodegenerative disease

Astrocytes play key roles in CNS development as well as well as neuro-supportive roles in the mature brain including ionic, bioenergetic and redox homeostasis. Astrocytes undergo rapid changes following acute CNS insults such as stroke or traumatic brain injury, but are also profoundly altered in ch...

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Detalles Bibliográficos
Autores principales: Jiwaji, Zoeb, Hardingham, Giles E.
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: Elsevier Science 2022
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8969603/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35202786
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2022.02.020
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author Jiwaji, Zoeb
Hardingham, Giles E.
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Hardingham, Giles E.
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description Astrocytes play key roles in CNS development as well as well as neuro-supportive roles in the mature brain including ionic, bioenergetic and redox homeostasis. Astrocytes undergo rapid changes following acute CNS insults such as stroke or traumatic brain injury, but are also profoundly altered in chronic neurodegenerative conditions such as Alzheimer's disease. While disease-altered astrocytes are often referred to as reactive, this does not represent a single cellular state or group of states, but a shift in astrocyte properties that is determined by the type of insult as well as spatio-temporal factors. Such changes can accelerate disease progression due to astrocytes neglecting their normal homeostatic neuro-supportive roles, as well as by gaining active neuro-toxic properties. However, other aspects of astrocytic responses to chronic disease can include the induction of adaptive-protective pathways. This is particularly the case when considering antioxidant defences, which can be up-regulated in many cell types, including astrocytes, in response to stresses, sometimes in concert with the activation of detoxification and proteostasis pathways. Protective responses, whilst potentially serving to mitigate neuronal dysfunction, may ultimately fail due to being insufficiently strong, or be offset by other deleterious changes to astrocytes occurring in parallel. Nevertheless, a greater understanding of early adaptive-protective responses of astrocytes to neurodegenerative disease pathology may point to ways in which these responses may be harnessed for therapeutic effect.
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spelling pubmed-89696032022-05-03 Good, bad, and neglectful: Astrocyte changes in neurodegenerative disease Jiwaji, Zoeb Hardingham, Giles E. Free Radic Biol Med Invited Review Article Astrocytes play key roles in CNS development as well as well as neuro-supportive roles in the mature brain including ionic, bioenergetic and redox homeostasis. Astrocytes undergo rapid changes following acute CNS insults such as stroke or traumatic brain injury, but are also profoundly altered in chronic neurodegenerative conditions such as Alzheimer's disease. While disease-altered astrocytes are often referred to as reactive, this does not represent a single cellular state or group of states, but a shift in astrocyte properties that is determined by the type of insult as well as spatio-temporal factors. Such changes can accelerate disease progression due to astrocytes neglecting their normal homeostatic neuro-supportive roles, as well as by gaining active neuro-toxic properties. However, other aspects of astrocytic responses to chronic disease can include the induction of adaptive-protective pathways. This is particularly the case when considering antioxidant defences, which can be up-regulated in many cell types, including astrocytes, in response to stresses, sometimes in concert with the activation of detoxification and proteostasis pathways. Protective responses, whilst potentially serving to mitigate neuronal dysfunction, may ultimately fail due to being insufficiently strong, or be offset by other deleterious changes to astrocytes occurring in parallel. Nevertheless, a greater understanding of early adaptive-protective responses of astrocytes to neurodegenerative disease pathology may point to ways in which these responses may be harnessed for therapeutic effect. Elsevier Science 2022-03 /pmc/articles/PMC8969603/ /pubmed/35202786 http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2022.02.020 Text en © 2022 The Authors https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/This is an open access article under the CC BY license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
spellingShingle Invited Review Article
Jiwaji, Zoeb
Hardingham, Giles E.
Good, bad, and neglectful: Astrocyte changes in neurodegenerative disease
title Good, bad, and neglectful: Astrocyte changes in neurodegenerative disease
title_full Good, bad, and neglectful: Astrocyte changes in neurodegenerative disease
title_fullStr Good, bad, and neglectful: Astrocyte changes in neurodegenerative disease
title_full_unstemmed Good, bad, and neglectful: Astrocyte changes in neurodegenerative disease
title_short Good, bad, and neglectful: Astrocyte changes in neurodegenerative disease
title_sort good, bad, and neglectful: astrocyte changes in neurodegenerative disease
topic Invited Review Article
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8969603/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35202786
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2022.02.020
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