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Somatic DNA demethylation generates tissue-specific methylation states and impacts flowering time
Cytosine methylation is a reversible epigenetic modification of DNA. In plants, removal of cytosine methylation is accomplished by the four members of the DEMETER (DME) family of 5-methylcytosine DNA glycosylases, named DME, DEMETER-LIKE2 (DML2), DML3, and REPRESSOR OF SILENCING1 (ROS1) in Arabidops...
Autores principales: | , , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
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Oxford University Press
2021
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8972289/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34954804 http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/plcell/koab319 |
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author | Williams, Ben P Bechen, Lindsey L Pohlmann, Deborah A Gehring, Mary |
author_facet | Williams, Ben P Bechen, Lindsey L Pohlmann, Deborah A Gehring, Mary |
author_sort | Williams, Ben P |
collection | PubMed |
description | Cytosine methylation is a reversible epigenetic modification of DNA. In plants, removal of cytosine methylation is accomplished by the four members of the DEMETER (DME) family of 5-methylcytosine DNA glycosylases, named DME, DEMETER-LIKE2 (DML2), DML3, and REPRESSOR OF SILENCING1 (ROS1) in Arabidopsis thaliana. Demethylation by DME is critical for seed development, preventing experiments to determine the function of the entire gene family in somatic tissues by mutant analysis. Here, we bypassed the reproductive defects of dme mutants to create somatic quadruple homozygous mutants of the entire DME family. dme; ros1; dml2; and dml3 (drdd) leaves exhibit hypermethylated regions compared with wild-type leaves and rdd triple mutants, indicating functional redundancy among all four demethylases. Targets of demethylation include regions co-targeted by RNA-directed DNA methylation and, surprisingly, CG gene body methylation, indicating dynamic methylation at these less-understood sites. Additionally, many tissue-specific methylation differences are absent in drdd, suggesting a role for active demethylation in generating divergent epigenetic states across wild-type tissues. Furthermore, drdd plants display an early flowering phenotype, which involves 5′-hypermethylation and transcriptional down-regulation of FLOWERING LOCUS C. Active DNA demethylation is therefore required for proper methylation across somatic tissues and defines the epigenetic landscape of intergenic and coding regions. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-8972289 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2021 |
publisher | Oxford University Press |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-89722892022-04-01 Somatic DNA demethylation generates tissue-specific methylation states and impacts flowering time Williams, Ben P Bechen, Lindsey L Pohlmann, Deborah A Gehring, Mary Plant Cell Research Articles Cytosine methylation is a reversible epigenetic modification of DNA. In plants, removal of cytosine methylation is accomplished by the four members of the DEMETER (DME) family of 5-methylcytosine DNA glycosylases, named DME, DEMETER-LIKE2 (DML2), DML3, and REPRESSOR OF SILENCING1 (ROS1) in Arabidopsis thaliana. Demethylation by DME is critical for seed development, preventing experiments to determine the function of the entire gene family in somatic tissues by mutant analysis. Here, we bypassed the reproductive defects of dme mutants to create somatic quadruple homozygous mutants of the entire DME family. dme; ros1; dml2; and dml3 (drdd) leaves exhibit hypermethylated regions compared with wild-type leaves and rdd triple mutants, indicating functional redundancy among all four demethylases. Targets of demethylation include regions co-targeted by RNA-directed DNA methylation and, surprisingly, CG gene body methylation, indicating dynamic methylation at these less-understood sites. Additionally, many tissue-specific methylation differences are absent in drdd, suggesting a role for active demethylation in generating divergent epigenetic states across wild-type tissues. Furthermore, drdd plants display an early flowering phenotype, which involves 5′-hypermethylation and transcriptional down-regulation of FLOWERING LOCUS C. Active DNA demethylation is therefore required for proper methylation across somatic tissues and defines the epigenetic landscape of intergenic and coding regions. Oxford University Press 2021-12-25 /pmc/articles/PMC8972289/ /pubmed/34954804 http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/plcell/koab319 Text en © The Author(s) 2021. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of American Society of Plant Biologists. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivs licence (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/), which permits non-commercial reproduction and distribution of the work, in any medium, provided the original work is not altered or transformed in any way, and that the work is properly cited. For commercial re-use, please contact journals.permissions@oup.com |
spellingShingle | Research Articles Williams, Ben P Bechen, Lindsey L Pohlmann, Deborah A Gehring, Mary Somatic DNA demethylation generates tissue-specific methylation states and impacts flowering time |
title | Somatic DNA demethylation generates tissue-specific methylation states and impacts flowering time |
title_full | Somatic DNA demethylation generates tissue-specific methylation states and impacts flowering time |
title_fullStr | Somatic DNA demethylation generates tissue-specific methylation states and impacts flowering time |
title_full_unstemmed | Somatic DNA demethylation generates tissue-specific methylation states and impacts flowering time |
title_short | Somatic DNA demethylation generates tissue-specific methylation states and impacts flowering time |
title_sort | somatic dna demethylation generates tissue-specific methylation states and impacts flowering time |
topic | Research Articles |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8972289/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34954804 http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/plcell/koab319 |
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