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Estimating additional schooling and lifetime earning obtained from improved linear growth in low- and middle-income countries using the Lives Saved Tool (LiST)
BACKGROUND: Policymakers seeking to prioritize the use of restricted financial resources need to understand the relative costs and benefits of interventions for improving nutritional status. Improved linear growth can lead to increased education attainment and improved economic productivity in low-...
Autores principales: | , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
International Society of Global Health
2022
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8974535/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35392583 http://dx.doi.org/10.7189/jogh.12.08004 |
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author | Tong, Hannah Kemp, Christopher G Walker, Neff |
author_facet | Tong, Hannah Kemp, Christopher G Walker, Neff |
author_sort | Tong, Hannah |
collection | PubMed |
description | BACKGROUND: Policymakers seeking to prioritize the use of restricted financial resources need to understand the relative costs and benefits of interventions for improving nutritional status. Improved linear growth can lead to increased education attainment and improved economic productivity in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs), though these non-health-related benefits are not reflected in current long-term modelling efforts, including the Lives Saved Tool (LiST). Our objective was to integrate the effects of improved linear growth on non-health related benefit into LiST by estimating subsequent gains in years of schooling and wage earnings. We then estimated the impacts of reaching the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) target for stunting in South Asian countries on lifetime productivity. METHODS: In the first step, we used LiST outputs to estimate the improved linear growth due to scaled-up nutrition interventions and used published estimates to quantify the education gain resulting from an increase in height for age z-score (HAZ). In the second step, we used published country-level estimates on economic returns to schooling to quantify the relative gains in wages that children born today will experience because of their additional education attainment in the future. In the last step, we used country-level data on wages to estimate the net present value of future earnings gained due to early childhood growth improvement per birth cohort. RESULTS: If South Asia countries reach the SDG target by 2025, an estimated 8.6 million years of schooling will be obtained by six birth cohorts of 2020 to 2025. These six birth cohorts will also gain an estimated US$64 893 million in the present value term, at a 5% discount rate, in lifetime earnings. India has the largest expected gain in years of schooling (7367 years) and lifetime earnings (US$59 390 million in present value terms, at a 5% discount rate). CONCLUSIONS: Two non-health-related benefits of improved linear growth – additional years of schooling and lifetime earnings – are added in LiST. Together with LiST costing, users can now conduct both cost-effective and benefit-cost analyses. Using both analyses will provide more comprehensive insights into nutrition interventions' relative costs and benefits. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-8974535 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2022 |
publisher | International Society of Global Health |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-89745352022-04-06 Estimating additional schooling and lifetime earning obtained from improved linear growth in low- and middle-income countries using the Lives Saved Tool (LiST) Tong, Hannah Kemp, Christopher G Walker, Neff J Glob Health Research Theme 4: LiST Tool BACKGROUND: Policymakers seeking to prioritize the use of restricted financial resources need to understand the relative costs and benefits of interventions for improving nutritional status. Improved linear growth can lead to increased education attainment and improved economic productivity in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs), though these non-health-related benefits are not reflected in current long-term modelling efforts, including the Lives Saved Tool (LiST). Our objective was to integrate the effects of improved linear growth on non-health related benefit into LiST by estimating subsequent gains in years of schooling and wage earnings. We then estimated the impacts of reaching the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) target for stunting in South Asian countries on lifetime productivity. METHODS: In the first step, we used LiST outputs to estimate the improved linear growth due to scaled-up nutrition interventions and used published estimates to quantify the education gain resulting from an increase in height for age z-score (HAZ). In the second step, we used published country-level estimates on economic returns to schooling to quantify the relative gains in wages that children born today will experience because of their additional education attainment in the future. In the last step, we used country-level data on wages to estimate the net present value of future earnings gained due to early childhood growth improvement per birth cohort. RESULTS: If South Asia countries reach the SDG target by 2025, an estimated 8.6 million years of schooling will be obtained by six birth cohorts of 2020 to 2025. These six birth cohorts will also gain an estimated US$64 893 million in the present value term, at a 5% discount rate, in lifetime earnings. India has the largest expected gain in years of schooling (7367 years) and lifetime earnings (US$59 390 million in present value terms, at a 5% discount rate). CONCLUSIONS: Two non-health-related benefits of improved linear growth – additional years of schooling and lifetime earnings – are added in LiST. Together with LiST costing, users can now conduct both cost-effective and benefit-cost analyses. Using both analyses will provide more comprehensive insights into nutrition interventions' relative costs and benefits. International Society of Global Health 2022-04-02 /pmc/articles/PMC8974535/ /pubmed/35392583 http://dx.doi.org/10.7189/jogh.12.08004 Text en Copyright © 2022 by the Journal of Global Health. All rights reserved. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License. |
spellingShingle | Research Theme 4: LiST Tool Tong, Hannah Kemp, Christopher G Walker, Neff Estimating additional schooling and lifetime earning obtained from improved linear growth in low- and middle-income countries using the Lives Saved Tool (LiST) |
title | Estimating additional schooling and lifetime earning obtained from improved linear growth in low- and middle-income countries using the Lives Saved Tool (LiST) |
title_full | Estimating additional schooling and lifetime earning obtained from improved linear growth in low- and middle-income countries using the Lives Saved Tool (LiST) |
title_fullStr | Estimating additional schooling and lifetime earning obtained from improved linear growth in low- and middle-income countries using the Lives Saved Tool (LiST) |
title_full_unstemmed | Estimating additional schooling and lifetime earning obtained from improved linear growth in low- and middle-income countries using the Lives Saved Tool (LiST) |
title_short | Estimating additional schooling and lifetime earning obtained from improved linear growth in low- and middle-income countries using the Lives Saved Tool (LiST) |
title_sort | estimating additional schooling and lifetime earning obtained from improved linear growth in low- and middle-income countries using the lives saved tool (list) |
topic | Research Theme 4: LiST Tool |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8974535/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35392583 http://dx.doi.org/10.7189/jogh.12.08004 |
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