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Influence of the Microbiome on Chronic Rhinosinusitis With and Without Polyps: An Evolving Discussion
Chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) is widely prevalent within the population and often leads to decreased quality of life, among other related health complications. CRS has classically been stratified by the presence of nasal polyps (CRSwNP) or the absence nasal polyps (CRSsNP). Management of these condit...
Autores principales: | , , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
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Frontiers Media S.A.
2021
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Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8974788/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35386978 http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/falgy.2021.737086 |
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author | Huntley, Kyle S. Raber, Joshua Fine, Lauren Bernstein, Jonathan A. |
author_facet | Huntley, Kyle S. Raber, Joshua Fine, Lauren Bernstein, Jonathan A. |
author_sort | Huntley, Kyle S. |
collection | PubMed |
description | Chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) is widely prevalent within the population and often leads to decreased quality of life, among other related health complications. CRS has classically been stratified by the presence of nasal polyps (CRSwNP) or the absence nasal polyps (CRSsNP). Management of these conditions remains a challenge as investigators continue to uncover potential etiologies and therapeutic targets. Recently, attention has been given to the sinunasal microbiota as both an inciting and protective influence of CRS development. The healthy sinunasal microbiologic environment is largely composed of bacteria, with the most frequent strains including Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus epidermidis, and Corynebacterium genera. Disruptions in this milieu, particularly increases in S. aureus concentration, have been hypothesized to perpetuate both Th1 and Th2 inflammatory changes within the nasal mucosa, leading to CRS exacerbation and potential polyp formation. Other contributors to the sinunasal microbiota include fungi, viruses, and bacteriophages which may directly contribute to underlying inflammation or impact bacterial prevalence. Modifiable risk factors, such as smoking, have also been linked to microbiota alterations. Research interest in CRS continues to expand, and thus the goal of this review is to provide clinicians and investigators alike with a current discussion on the microbiologic influence on CRS development, particularly with respect to the expression of various phenotypes. Although this subject is rapidly evolving, a greater understanding of these potential factors may lead to novel research and targeted therapies for this often difficult to treat condition. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-8974788 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2021 |
publisher | Frontiers Media S.A. |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-89747882022-04-05 Influence of the Microbiome on Chronic Rhinosinusitis With and Without Polyps: An Evolving Discussion Huntley, Kyle S. Raber, Joshua Fine, Lauren Bernstein, Jonathan A. Front Allergy Allergy Chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) is widely prevalent within the population and often leads to decreased quality of life, among other related health complications. CRS has classically been stratified by the presence of nasal polyps (CRSwNP) or the absence nasal polyps (CRSsNP). Management of these conditions remains a challenge as investigators continue to uncover potential etiologies and therapeutic targets. Recently, attention has been given to the sinunasal microbiota as both an inciting and protective influence of CRS development. The healthy sinunasal microbiologic environment is largely composed of bacteria, with the most frequent strains including Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus epidermidis, and Corynebacterium genera. Disruptions in this milieu, particularly increases in S. aureus concentration, have been hypothesized to perpetuate both Th1 and Th2 inflammatory changes within the nasal mucosa, leading to CRS exacerbation and potential polyp formation. Other contributors to the sinunasal microbiota include fungi, viruses, and bacteriophages which may directly contribute to underlying inflammation or impact bacterial prevalence. Modifiable risk factors, such as smoking, have also been linked to microbiota alterations. Research interest in CRS continues to expand, and thus the goal of this review is to provide clinicians and investigators alike with a current discussion on the microbiologic influence on CRS development, particularly with respect to the expression of various phenotypes. Although this subject is rapidly evolving, a greater understanding of these potential factors may lead to novel research and targeted therapies for this often difficult to treat condition. Frontiers Media S.A. 2021-10-01 /pmc/articles/PMC8974788/ /pubmed/35386978 http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/falgy.2021.737086 Text en Copyright © 2021 Huntley, Raber, Fine and Bernstein. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms. |
spellingShingle | Allergy Huntley, Kyle S. Raber, Joshua Fine, Lauren Bernstein, Jonathan A. Influence of the Microbiome on Chronic Rhinosinusitis With and Without Polyps: An Evolving Discussion |
title | Influence of the Microbiome on Chronic Rhinosinusitis With and Without Polyps: An Evolving Discussion |
title_full | Influence of the Microbiome on Chronic Rhinosinusitis With and Without Polyps: An Evolving Discussion |
title_fullStr | Influence of the Microbiome on Chronic Rhinosinusitis With and Without Polyps: An Evolving Discussion |
title_full_unstemmed | Influence of the Microbiome on Chronic Rhinosinusitis With and Without Polyps: An Evolving Discussion |
title_short | Influence of the Microbiome on Chronic Rhinosinusitis With and Without Polyps: An Evolving Discussion |
title_sort | influence of the microbiome on chronic rhinosinusitis with and without polyps: an evolving discussion |
topic | Allergy |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8974788/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35386978 http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/falgy.2021.737086 |
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