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The Quest for Signals in Noise: Leveraging Experiential Variation to Identify Bilingual Phenotypes

Increasing evidence suggests that bilingualism does not, in itself, result in a particular pattern of response, revealing instead a complex and multidimensional construct that is shaped by evolutionary and ecological sources of variability. Despite growing recognition of the need for a richer charac...

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Detalles Bibliográficos
Autores principales: Beatty-Martínez, Anne L., Titone, Debra A.
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: 2021
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8975245/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35371966
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/languages6040168
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author Beatty-Martínez, Anne L.
Titone, Debra A.
author_facet Beatty-Martínez, Anne L.
Titone, Debra A.
author_sort Beatty-Martínez, Anne L.
collection PubMed
description Increasing evidence suggests that bilingualism does not, in itself, result in a particular pattern of response, revealing instead a complex and multidimensional construct that is shaped by evolutionary and ecological sources of variability. Despite growing recognition of the need for a richer characterization of bilingual speakers and of the different contexts of language use, we understand relatively little about the boundary conditions of putative “bilingualism” effects. Here, we review recent findings that demonstrate how variability in the language experiences of bilingual speakers, and also in the ability of bilingual speakers to adapt to the distinct demands of different interactional contexts, impact interactions between language use, language processing, and cognitive control processes generally. Given these findings, our position is that systematic variation in bilingual language experience gives rise to a variety of phenotypes that have different patterns of associations across language processing and cognitive outcomes. The goal of this paper is thus to illustrate how focusing on systematic variation through the identification of bilingual phenotypes can provide crucial insights into a variety of performance patterns, in a manner that has implications for previous and future research.
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spelling pubmed-89752452022-04-01 The Quest for Signals in Noise: Leveraging Experiential Variation to Identify Bilingual Phenotypes Beatty-Martínez, Anne L. Titone, Debra A. Languages (Basel) Article Increasing evidence suggests that bilingualism does not, in itself, result in a particular pattern of response, revealing instead a complex and multidimensional construct that is shaped by evolutionary and ecological sources of variability. Despite growing recognition of the need for a richer characterization of bilingual speakers and of the different contexts of language use, we understand relatively little about the boundary conditions of putative “bilingualism” effects. Here, we review recent findings that demonstrate how variability in the language experiences of bilingual speakers, and also in the ability of bilingual speakers to adapt to the distinct demands of different interactional contexts, impact interactions between language use, language processing, and cognitive control processes generally. Given these findings, our position is that systematic variation in bilingual language experience gives rise to a variety of phenotypes that have different patterns of associations across language processing and cognitive outcomes. The goal of this paper is thus to illustrate how focusing on systematic variation through the identification of bilingual phenotypes can provide crucial insights into a variety of performance patterns, in a manner that has implications for previous and future research. 2021-12 2021-10-15 /pmc/articles/PMC8975245/ /pubmed/35371966 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/languages6040168 Text en https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
spellingShingle Article
Beatty-Martínez, Anne L.
Titone, Debra A.
The Quest for Signals in Noise: Leveraging Experiential Variation to Identify Bilingual Phenotypes
title The Quest for Signals in Noise: Leveraging Experiential Variation to Identify Bilingual Phenotypes
title_full The Quest for Signals in Noise: Leveraging Experiential Variation to Identify Bilingual Phenotypes
title_fullStr The Quest for Signals in Noise: Leveraging Experiential Variation to Identify Bilingual Phenotypes
title_full_unstemmed The Quest for Signals in Noise: Leveraging Experiential Variation to Identify Bilingual Phenotypes
title_short The Quest for Signals in Noise: Leveraging Experiential Variation to Identify Bilingual Phenotypes
title_sort quest for signals in noise: leveraging experiential variation to identify bilingual phenotypes
topic Article
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8975245/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35371966
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/languages6040168
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