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The Training Characteristics of World-Class Distance Runners: An Integration of Scientific Literature and Results-Proven Practice

In this review we integrate the scientific literature and results-proven practice and outline a novel framework for understanding the training and development of elite long-distance performance. Herein, we describe how fundamental training characteristics and well-known training principles are appli...

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Autores principales: Haugen, Thomas, Sandbakk, Øyvind, Seiler, Stephen, Tønnessen, Espen
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: Springer International Publishing 2022
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8975965/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35362850
http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s40798-022-00438-7
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author Haugen, Thomas
Sandbakk, Øyvind
Seiler, Stephen
Tønnessen, Espen
author_facet Haugen, Thomas
Sandbakk, Øyvind
Seiler, Stephen
Tønnessen, Espen
author_sort Haugen, Thomas
collection PubMed
description In this review we integrate the scientific literature and results-proven practice and outline a novel framework for understanding the training and development of elite long-distance performance. Herein, we describe how fundamental training characteristics and well-known training principles are applied. World-leading track runners (i.e., 5000 and 10,000 m) and marathon specialists participate in 9 ± 3 and 6 ± 2 (mean ± SD) annual competitions, respectively. The weekly running distance in the mid-preparation period is in the range 160–220 km for marathoners and 130–190 km for track runners. These differences are mainly explained by more running kilometers on each session for marathon runners. Both groups perform 11–14 sessions per week, and ≥ 80% of the total running volume is performed at low intensity throughout the training year. The training intensity distribution vary across mesocycles and differ between marathon and track runners, but common for both groups is that volume of race-pace running increases as the main competition approaches. The tapering process starts 7–10 days prior to the main competition. While the African runners live and train at high altitude (2000–2500 m above sea level) most of the year, most lowland athletes apply relatively long altitude camps during the preparation period. Overall, this review offers unique insights into the training characteristics of world-class distance runners by integrating scientific literature and results-proven practice, providing a point of departure for future studies related to the training and development in the Olympic long-distance events.
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spelling pubmed-89759652022-04-20 The Training Characteristics of World-Class Distance Runners: An Integration of Scientific Literature and Results-Proven Practice Haugen, Thomas Sandbakk, Øyvind Seiler, Stephen Tønnessen, Espen Sports Med Open Review Article In this review we integrate the scientific literature and results-proven practice and outline a novel framework for understanding the training and development of elite long-distance performance. Herein, we describe how fundamental training characteristics and well-known training principles are applied. World-leading track runners (i.e., 5000 and 10,000 m) and marathon specialists participate in 9 ± 3 and 6 ± 2 (mean ± SD) annual competitions, respectively. The weekly running distance in the mid-preparation period is in the range 160–220 km for marathoners and 130–190 km for track runners. These differences are mainly explained by more running kilometers on each session for marathon runners. Both groups perform 11–14 sessions per week, and ≥ 80% of the total running volume is performed at low intensity throughout the training year. The training intensity distribution vary across mesocycles and differ between marathon and track runners, but common for both groups is that volume of race-pace running increases as the main competition approaches. The tapering process starts 7–10 days prior to the main competition. While the African runners live and train at high altitude (2000–2500 m above sea level) most of the year, most lowland athletes apply relatively long altitude camps during the preparation period. Overall, this review offers unique insights into the training characteristics of world-class distance runners by integrating scientific literature and results-proven practice, providing a point of departure for future studies related to the training and development in the Olympic long-distance events. Springer International Publishing 2022-04-01 /pmc/articles/PMC8975965/ /pubmed/35362850 http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s40798-022-00438-7 Text en © The Author(s) 2022 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Open AccessThis article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/) .
spellingShingle Review Article
Haugen, Thomas
Sandbakk, Øyvind
Seiler, Stephen
Tønnessen, Espen
The Training Characteristics of World-Class Distance Runners: An Integration of Scientific Literature and Results-Proven Practice
title The Training Characteristics of World-Class Distance Runners: An Integration of Scientific Literature and Results-Proven Practice
title_full The Training Characteristics of World-Class Distance Runners: An Integration of Scientific Literature and Results-Proven Practice
title_fullStr The Training Characteristics of World-Class Distance Runners: An Integration of Scientific Literature and Results-Proven Practice
title_full_unstemmed The Training Characteristics of World-Class Distance Runners: An Integration of Scientific Literature and Results-Proven Practice
title_short The Training Characteristics of World-Class Distance Runners: An Integration of Scientific Literature and Results-Proven Practice
title_sort training characteristics of world-class distance runners: an integration of scientific literature and results-proven practice
topic Review Article
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8975965/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35362850
http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s40798-022-00438-7
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