Cargando…

Biogeography, succession, and origin of the chicken intestinal mycobiome

BACKGROUND: Extensive work has been accomplished to characterize the intestinal bacterial community, known as the microbiota, and its association with host health and disease. However, very little is known about the spatiotemporal development and the origin of a minor intestinal fungal community, kn...

Descripción completa

Detalles Bibliográficos
Autores principales: Robinson, Kelsy, Yang, Qing, Stewart, Sydney, Whitmore, Melanie A., Zhang, Guolong
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: BioMed Central 2022
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8976367/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35365230
http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s40168-022-01252-9
_version_ 1784680551348699136
author Robinson, Kelsy
Yang, Qing
Stewart, Sydney
Whitmore, Melanie A.
Zhang, Guolong
author_facet Robinson, Kelsy
Yang, Qing
Stewart, Sydney
Whitmore, Melanie A.
Zhang, Guolong
author_sort Robinson, Kelsy
collection PubMed
description BACKGROUND: Extensive work has been accomplished to characterize the intestinal bacterial community, known as the microbiota, and its association with host health and disease. However, very little is known about the spatiotemporal development and the origin of a minor intestinal fungal community, known as the mycobiota, in humans and animals, particularly in avian species. RESULTS: In this study, we comprehensively characterized the biogeography and succession of the gastrointestinal (GI) mycobiota of broiler chickens and further revealed the fungal sources that are responsible for initial and long-term establishment of the mycobiota in the GI tract. Using Illumina sequencing of the internal transcribed spacer 2 (ITS2) region of fungal rRNA genes, we detected significant spatial and temporal differences in the mycobiota along the GI tract. In contrary to the microbiota, the mycobiota was more diverse in the upper than the lower GI tract with no apparent trend of succession up to 42 days of age. The intestinal mycobiota was dominated by the phyla Ascomycota and Basidiomycota with Gibberella, Aspergillus, and Candida being the most abundant genera. Although the chicken mycobiota was highly dynamic, Fusarium pseudonygamai was dominant throughout the GI tract regardless of age in this study. The core chicken mycobiome consisted of 26 fungal taxa accounting for greater than 85% of the fungal population in each GI location. However, we observed high variations of the intestinal mycobiota among different studies. We also showed that the total fungal population varied greatly from 1.0 × 10(4) to 1.1 × 10(6) /g digesta along the GI tract and only accounted for less than 0.06% of the bacteria in day-42 broilers. Finally, we revealed that the mycobiota from the hatchery environment was responsible for initial colonization in the GI tract of newly hatched chickens, but was quickly replaced by the fungi in the diet within 3 days. CONCLUSIONS: Relative to the intestinal microbiota that consists of trillions of bacteria in hundreds of different species and becomes relatively stabilized as animals age, the chicken intestinal mycobiota is a minor microbial community that is temporally dynamic with limited diversity and no obvious pattern of successive changes. However, similar to the microbiota, the chicken mycobiota is spatially different along the GI tract, although it is more diverse in the upper than the lower GI tract. Dietary fungi are the major source of the intestinal mycobiota in growing chickens. SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION: The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s40168-022-01252-9.
format Online
Article
Text
id pubmed-8976367
institution National Center for Biotechnology Information
language English
publishDate 2022
publisher BioMed Central
record_format MEDLINE/PubMed
spelling pubmed-89763672022-04-03 Biogeography, succession, and origin of the chicken intestinal mycobiome Robinson, Kelsy Yang, Qing Stewart, Sydney Whitmore, Melanie A. Zhang, Guolong Microbiome Research BACKGROUND: Extensive work has been accomplished to characterize the intestinal bacterial community, known as the microbiota, and its association with host health and disease. However, very little is known about the spatiotemporal development and the origin of a minor intestinal fungal community, known as the mycobiota, in humans and animals, particularly in avian species. RESULTS: In this study, we comprehensively characterized the biogeography and succession of the gastrointestinal (GI) mycobiota of broiler chickens and further revealed the fungal sources that are responsible for initial and long-term establishment of the mycobiota in the GI tract. Using Illumina sequencing of the internal transcribed spacer 2 (ITS2) region of fungal rRNA genes, we detected significant spatial and temporal differences in the mycobiota along the GI tract. In contrary to the microbiota, the mycobiota was more diverse in the upper than the lower GI tract with no apparent trend of succession up to 42 days of age. The intestinal mycobiota was dominated by the phyla Ascomycota and Basidiomycota with Gibberella, Aspergillus, and Candida being the most abundant genera. Although the chicken mycobiota was highly dynamic, Fusarium pseudonygamai was dominant throughout the GI tract regardless of age in this study. The core chicken mycobiome consisted of 26 fungal taxa accounting for greater than 85% of the fungal population in each GI location. However, we observed high variations of the intestinal mycobiota among different studies. We also showed that the total fungal population varied greatly from 1.0 × 10(4) to 1.1 × 10(6) /g digesta along the GI tract and only accounted for less than 0.06% of the bacteria in day-42 broilers. Finally, we revealed that the mycobiota from the hatchery environment was responsible for initial colonization in the GI tract of newly hatched chickens, but was quickly replaced by the fungi in the diet within 3 days. CONCLUSIONS: Relative to the intestinal microbiota that consists of trillions of bacteria in hundreds of different species and becomes relatively stabilized as animals age, the chicken intestinal mycobiota is a minor microbial community that is temporally dynamic with limited diversity and no obvious pattern of successive changes. However, similar to the microbiota, the chicken mycobiota is spatially different along the GI tract, although it is more diverse in the upper than the lower GI tract. Dietary fungi are the major source of the intestinal mycobiota in growing chickens. SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION: The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s40168-022-01252-9. BioMed Central 2022-04-01 /pmc/articles/PMC8976367/ /pubmed/35365230 http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s40168-022-01252-9 Text en © The Author(s) 2022 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Open AccessThis article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/) . The Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication waiver (http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/ (https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/) ) applies to the data made available in this article, unless otherwise stated in a credit line to the data.
spellingShingle Research
Robinson, Kelsy
Yang, Qing
Stewart, Sydney
Whitmore, Melanie A.
Zhang, Guolong
Biogeography, succession, and origin of the chicken intestinal mycobiome
title Biogeography, succession, and origin of the chicken intestinal mycobiome
title_full Biogeography, succession, and origin of the chicken intestinal mycobiome
title_fullStr Biogeography, succession, and origin of the chicken intestinal mycobiome
title_full_unstemmed Biogeography, succession, and origin of the chicken intestinal mycobiome
title_short Biogeography, succession, and origin of the chicken intestinal mycobiome
title_sort biogeography, succession, and origin of the chicken intestinal mycobiome
topic Research
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8976367/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35365230
http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s40168-022-01252-9
work_keys_str_mv AT robinsonkelsy biogeographysuccessionandoriginofthechickenintestinalmycobiome
AT yangqing biogeographysuccessionandoriginofthechickenintestinalmycobiome
AT stewartsydney biogeographysuccessionandoriginofthechickenintestinalmycobiome
AT whitmoremelaniea biogeographysuccessionandoriginofthechickenintestinalmycobiome
AT zhangguolong biogeographysuccessionandoriginofthechickenintestinalmycobiome