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Multi-factorial Mechanism Behind COVID-19 Related Thrombosis

BACKGROUND: Thrombosis plays a crucial role in the morbidity and mortality of coronavirus disease-19 (COVID-19). About one-third of COVID-19 patients experience a thrombotic event, most commonly pulmonary embolism. Based on published data, the mechanism of thrombosis in COVID-19 patients seems to be...

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Autores principales: Ali, Elshazali Widaa, Ibrahim, Ibrahim Khedir
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: Academy of Medical Sciences of Bosnia and Herzegovina 2022
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8976895/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35422572
http://dx.doi.org/10.5455/medarh.2022.76.62-65
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author Ali, Elshazali Widaa
Ibrahim, Ibrahim Khedir
author_facet Ali, Elshazali Widaa
Ibrahim, Ibrahim Khedir
author_sort Ali, Elshazali Widaa
collection PubMed
description BACKGROUND: Thrombosis plays a crucial role in the morbidity and mortality of coronavirus disease-19 (COVID-19). About one-third of COVID-19 patients experience a thrombotic event, most commonly pulmonary embolism. Based on published data, the mechanism of thrombosis in COVID-19 patients seems to be multi-factorial. METHODS: In this article, we reviewed the publsihed data concerning with thrombosis in COVID-19 and summarized the predisposing factors and the mechanisms behind COVID-19 related thrombosis. RESULTS: Inflammatory response to SARS-CoV-2 and the consequent hyperviscosity thought to cause endothelial damage and initiate coagulation. Furthermore, inflammation promotes platelet activation and exerts a pathogenic effect on endothelial cells. The presence of anticardiolipin and anti–β2-glycoprotein antibodies in some patients with COVID-19 suggests that SARS-CoV-2, like many other viral infections, induces the formation of antiphospholipid antibodies, which provoke hypercoagulability. Thrombophilic mutations, mainly factor V Leiden and prothrombin G20201A mutations, can be a contributing factor in the development of thrombosis in COVID-19 patients, and they are associated with increased disease severity and pulmonary embolism. However, the research concerning with the association of thrombophilic mutations with COVID-19 related thrombosis showed conflict results. CONCLUSION: The mechanism of thrombosis in COVID-19 patients seems to be multifactorial. Endothelial damage, antiphospholipid antibodies, inflammation, hyperviscosity, and thrombophilic mutations are the main factors that predispose COVID-19 patients to. thrombosis.
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spelling pubmed-89768952022-04-13 Multi-factorial Mechanism Behind COVID-19 Related Thrombosis Ali, Elshazali Widaa Ibrahim, Ibrahim Khedir Med Arch Review BACKGROUND: Thrombosis plays a crucial role in the morbidity and mortality of coronavirus disease-19 (COVID-19). About one-third of COVID-19 patients experience a thrombotic event, most commonly pulmonary embolism. Based on published data, the mechanism of thrombosis in COVID-19 patients seems to be multi-factorial. METHODS: In this article, we reviewed the publsihed data concerning with thrombosis in COVID-19 and summarized the predisposing factors and the mechanisms behind COVID-19 related thrombosis. RESULTS: Inflammatory response to SARS-CoV-2 and the consequent hyperviscosity thought to cause endothelial damage and initiate coagulation. Furthermore, inflammation promotes platelet activation and exerts a pathogenic effect on endothelial cells. The presence of anticardiolipin and anti–β2-glycoprotein antibodies in some patients with COVID-19 suggests that SARS-CoV-2, like many other viral infections, induces the formation of antiphospholipid antibodies, which provoke hypercoagulability. Thrombophilic mutations, mainly factor V Leiden and prothrombin G20201A mutations, can be a contributing factor in the development of thrombosis in COVID-19 patients, and they are associated with increased disease severity and pulmonary embolism. However, the research concerning with the association of thrombophilic mutations with COVID-19 related thrombosis showed conflict results. CONCLUSION: The mechanism of thrombosis in COVID-19 patients seems to be multifactorial. Endothelial damage, antiphospholipid antibodies, inflammation, hyperviscosity, and thrombophilic mutations are the main factors that predispose COVID-19 patients to. thrombosis. Academy of Medical Sciences of Bosnia and Herzegovina 2022-02 /pmc/articles/PMC8976895/ /pubmed/35422572 http://dx.doi.org/10.5455/medarh.2022.76.62-65 Text en © 2022 Elshazali Widaa Ali, Ibrahim Khedir Ibrahim https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/ (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/) ) which permits unrestricted non-commercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
spellingShingle Review
Ali, Elshazali Widaa
Ibrahim, Ibrahim Khedir
Multi-factorial Mechanism Behind COVID-19 Related Thrombosis
title Multi-factorial Mechanism Behind COVID-19 Related Thrombosis
title_full Multi-factorial Mechanism Behind COVID-19 Related Thrombosis
title_fullStr Multi-factorial Mechanism Behind COVID-19 Related Thrombosis
title_full_unstemmed Multi-factorial Mechanism Behind COVID-19 Related Thrombosis
title_short Multi-factorial Mechanism Behind COVID-19 Related Thrombosis
title_sort multi-factorial mechanism behind covid-19 related thrombosis
topic Review
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8976895/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35422572
http://dx.doi.org/10.5455/medarh.2022.76.62-65
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