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Safety Evaluation of Photoacoustic Tomography System for Intraocular Tumors

PURPOSE: Photoacoustic tomography (PAT) has demonstrated the ability to characterize molecular components and architectural heterogeneities of intraocular tumors in enucleated human globes and in animals in vivo. Although laser safety levels have been established for illumination through the cornea,...

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Autores principales: Xu, Guan, Khan, Naheed, Almazroa, Ahmed, Pawar, Mercy, Besirli, Cagri, Paulus, Yannis M., Wang, Xueding, Demirci, Hakan
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: The Association for Research in Vision and Ophthalmology 2022
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8976930/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35344017
http://dx.doi.org/10.1167/tvst.11.3.30
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author Xu, Guan
Khan, Naheed
Almazroa, Ahmed
Pawar, Mercy
Besirli, Cagri
Paulus, Yannis M.
Wang, Xueding
Demirci, Hakan
author_facet Xu, Guan
Khan, Naheed
Almazroa, Ahmed
Pawar, Mercy
Besirli, Cagri
Paulus, Yannis M.
Wang, Xueding
Demirci, Hakan
author_sort Xu, Guan
collection PubMed
description PURPOSE: Photoacoustic tomography (PAT) has demonstrated the ability to characterize molecular components and architectural heterogeneities of intraocular tumors in enucleated human globes and in animals in vivo. Although laser safety levels have been established for illumination through the cornea, the safety limit for PAT illumination through the sclera has not been investigated. The purpose of this study is to examine if the energy level used in intraocular PAT results in ocular damage. METHODS: Rabbit eyes were exposed to pulsed laser illumination at 20 mJ/cm(2) at the scleral surface. Eyes were examined at 1, 7, and 28 days after the laser exposure. Examination procedures included white light and fluorescence fundus imaging, optical coherence tomography (OCT), electroretinography (ERG), and histology with hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) staining as well as terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated deoxyuridine triphosphate nick-end labeling (TUNEL staining). RESULTS: Fundus imaging and OCT of rabbit eyes at 1, 7, and 28 days following exposure of the laser illumination of the PAT system did not reveal any damage to the retinal structures. ERG showed no significant difference between the experimental and control eyes. Similarly, H&E histology did not show abnormalities in either the scleral tissue where the laser illumination was delivered or in the retinal layers. No sign of apoptosis in the layers of the retina, choroid, or optic nerve was found on TUNEL staining. CONCLUSIONS: Similar to the application of PAT to other organs, the proposed laser illumination energy level at 20 mJ/cm(2) does not impose detectable harm to the ocular tissue. TRANSLATIONAL RELEVANCE: This study addresses illumination safety issues for PAT.
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spelling pubmed-89769302022-04-04 Safety Evaluation of Photoacoustic Tomography System for Intraocular Tumors Xu, Guan Khan, Naheed Almazroa, Ahmed Pawar, Mercy Besirli, Cagri Paulus, Yannis M. Wang, Xueding Demirci, Hakan Transl Vis Sci Technol Article PURPOSE: Photoacoustic tomography (PAT) has demonstrated the ability to characterize molecular components and architectural heterogeneities of intraocular tumors in enucleated human globes and in animals in vivo. Although laser safety levels have been established for illumination through the cornea, the safety limit for PAT illumination through the sclera has not been investigated. The purpose of this study is to examine if the energy level used in intraocular PAT results in ocular damage. METHODS: Rabbit eyes were exposed to pulsed laser illumination at 20 mJ/cm(2) at the scleral surface. Eyes were examined at 1, 7, and 28 days after the laser exposure. Examination procedures included white light and fluorescence fundus imaging, optical coherence tomography (OCT), electroretinography (ERG), and histology with hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) staining as well as terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated deoxyuridine triphosphate nick-end labeling (TUNEL staining). RESULTS: Fundus imaging and OCT of rabbit eyes at 1, 7, and 28 days following exposure of the laser illumination of the PAT system did not reveal any damage to the retinal structures. ERG showed no significant difference between the experimental and control eyes. Similarly, H&E histology did not show abnormalities in either the scleral tissue where the laser illumination was delivered or in the retinal layers. No sign of apoptosis in the layers of the retina, choroid, or optic nerve was found on TUNEL staining. CONCLUSIONS: Similar to the application of PAT to other organs, the proposed laser illumination energy level at 20 mJ/cm(2) does not impose detectable harm to the ocular tissue. TRANSLATIONAL RELEVANCE: This study addresses illumination safety issues for PAT. The Association for Research in Vision and Ophthalmology 2022-03-28 /pmc/articles/PMC8976930/ /pubmed/35344017 http://dx.doi.org/10.1167/tvst.11.3.30 Text en Copyright 2022 The Authors https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.
spellingShingle Article
Xu, Guan
Khan, Naheed
Almazroa, Ahmed
Pawar, Mercy
Besirli, Cagri
Paulus, Yannis M.
Wang, Xueding
Demirci, Hakan
Safety Evaluation of Photoacoustic Tomography System for Intraocular Tumors
title Safety Evaluation of Photoacoustic Tomography System for Intraocular Tumors
title_full Safety Evaluation of Photoacoustic Tomography System for Intraocular Tumors
title_fullStr Safety Evaluation of Photoacoustic Tomography System for Intraocular Tumors
title_full_unstemmed Safety Evaluation of Photoacoustic Tomography System for Intraocular Tumors
title_short Safety Evaluation of Photoacoustic Tomography System for Intraocular Tumors
title_sort safety evaluation of photoacoustic tomography system for intraocular tumors
topic Article
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8976930/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35344017
http://dx.doi.org/10.1167/tvst.11.3.30
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