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Potential Therapeutic Targets of Rehmannia Formulations on Diabetic Nephropathy: A Comparative Network Pharmacology Analysis
Background: Previous retrospective cohorts showed that Rehmannia-6 (R-6, Liu-wei-di-huang-wan) formulations were associated with significant kidney function preservation and mortality reduction among chronic kidney disease patients with diabetes. This study aimed to investigate the potential mechani...
Autores principales: | , , , , , , , , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
Frontiers Media S.A.
2022
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8977554/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35387335 http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fphar.2022.794139 |
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author | Chan, Kam Wa Yu, Kam Yan Yiu, Wai Han Xue, Rui Lok, Sarah Wing-yan Li, Hongyu Zou, Yixin Ma, Jinyuan Lai, Kar Neng Tang, Sydney Chi-wai |
author_facet | Chan, Kam Wa Yu, Kam Yan Yiu, Wai Han Xue, Rui Lok, Sarah Wing-yan Li, Hongyu Zou, Yixin Ma, Jinyuan Lai, Kar Neng Tang, Sydney Chi-wai |
author_sort | Chan, Kam Wa |
collection | PubMed |
description | Background: Previous retrospective cohorts showed that Rehmannia-6 (R-6, Liu-wei-di-huang-wan) formulations were associated with significant kidney function preservation and mortality reduction among chronic kidney disease patients with diabetes. This study aimed to investigate the potential mechanism of action of common R-6 variations in a clinical protocol for diabetic nephropathy (DN) from a system pharmacology approach. Study Design and Methods: Disease-related genes were retrieved from GeneCards and OMIM by searching “Diabetic Nephropathy” and “Macroalbuminuria”. Variations of R-6 were identified from a published existing clinical practice guideline developed from expert consensus and pilot clinical service program. The chemical compound IDs of each herb were retrieved from TCM-Mesh and PubChem. Drug targets were subsequently revealed via PharmaMapper and UniProtKB. The disease gene interactions were assessed through STRING, and disease–drug protein–protein interaction network was integrated and visualized by Cytoscape. Clusters of disease–drug protein–protein interaction were constructed by Molecular Complex Detection (MCODE) extension. Functional annotation of clusters was analyzed by DAVID and KEGG pathway enrichment. Differences among variations of R-6 were compared. Binding was verified by molecular docking with AutoDock. Results: Three hundred fifty-eight genes related to DN were identified, forming 11 clusters which corresponded to complement and coagulation cascades and signaling pathways of adipocytokine, TNF, HIF-1, and AMPK. Five variations of R-6 were analyzed. Common putative targets of the R-6 variations on DN included ACE, APOE, CCL2, CRP, EDN1, FN1, HGF, ICAM1, IL10, IL1B, IL6, INS, LEP, MMP9, PTGS2, SERPINE1, and TNF, which are related to regulation of nitric oxide biosynthesis, lipid storage, cellular response to lipopolysaccharide, inflammatory response, NF-kappa B transcription factor activity, smooth muscle cell proliferation, blood pressure, cellular response to interleukin-1, angiogenesis, cell proliferation, peptidyl-tyrosine phosphorylation, and protein kinase B signaling. TNF was identified as the seed for the most significant cluster of all R-6 variations. Targets specific to each formulation were identified. The key chemical compounds of R-6 have good binding ability to the putative protein targets. Conclusion: The mechanism of action of R-6 on DN is mostly related to the TNF signaling pathway as a core mechanism, involving amelioration of angiogenesis, fibrosis, inflammation, disease susceptibility, and oxidative stress. The putative targets identified could be validated through clinical trials. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-8977554 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2022 |
publisher | Frontiers Media S.A. |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-89775542022-04-05 Potential Therapeutic Targets of Rehmannia Formulations on Diabetic Nephropathy: A Comparative Network Pharmacology Analysis Chan, Kam Wa Yu, Kam Yan Yiu, Wai Han Xue, Rui Lok, Sarah Wing-yan Li, Hongyu Zou, Yixin Ma, Jinyuan Lai, Kar Neng Tang, Sydney Chi-wai Front Pharmacol Pharmacology Background: Previous retrospective cohorts showed that Rehmannia-6 (R-6, Liu-wei-di-huang-wan) formulations were associated with significant kidney function preservation and mortality reduction among chronic kidney disease patients with diabetes. This study aimed to investigate the potential mechanism of action of common R-6 variations in a clinical protocol for diabetic nephropathy (DN) from a system pharmacology approach. Study Design and Methods: Disease-related genes were retrieved from GeneCards and OMIM by searching “Diabetic Nephropathy” and “Macroalbuminuria”. Variations of R-6 were identified from a published existing clinical practice guideline developed from expert consensus and pilot clinical service program. The chemical compound IDs of each herb were retrieved from TCM-Mesh and PubChem. Drug targets were subsequently revealed via PharmaMapper and UniProtKB. The disease gene interactions were assessed through STRING, and disease–drug protein–protein interaction network was integrated and visualized by Cytoscape. Clusters of disease–drug protein–protein interaction were constructed by Molecular Complex Detection (MCODE) extension. Functional annotation of clusters was analyzed by DAVID and KEGG pathway enrichment. Differences among variations of R-6 were compared. Binding was verified by molecular docking with AutoDock. Results: Three hundred fifty-eight genes related to DN were identified, forming 11 clusters which corresponded to complement and coagulation cascades and signaling pathways of adipocytokine, TNF, HIF-1, and AMPK. Five variations of R-6 were analyzed. Common putative targets of the R-6 variations on DN included ACE, APOE, CCL2, CRP, EDN1, FN1, HGF, ICAM1, IL10, IL1B, IL6, INS, LEP, MMP9, PTGS2, SERPINE1, and TNF, which are related to regulation of nitric oxide biosynthesis, lipid storage, cellular response to lipopolysaccharide, inflammatory response, NF-kappa B transcription factor activity, smooth muscle cell proliferation, blood pressure, cellular response to interleukin-1, angiogenesis, cell proliferation, peptidyl-tyrosine phosphorylation, and protein kinase B signaling. TNF was identified as the seed for the most significant cluster of all R-6 variations. Targets specific to each formulation were identified. The key chemical compounds of R-6 have good binding ability to the putative protein targets. Conclusion: The mechanism of action of R-6 on DN is mostly related to the TNF signaling pathway as a core mechanism, involving amelioration of angiogenesis, fibrosis, inflammation, disease susceptibility, and oxidative stress. The putative targets identified could be validated through clinical trials. Frontiers Media S.A. 2022-03-21 /pmc/articles/PMC8977554/ /pubmed/35387335 http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fphar.2022.794139 Text en Copyright © 2022 Chan, Yu, Yiu, Xue, Lok, Li, Zou, Ma, Lai and Tang. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms. |
spellingShingle | Pharmacology Chan, Kam Wa Yu, Kam Yan Yiu, Wai Han Xue, Rui Lok, Sarah Wing-yan Li, Hongyu Zou, Yixin Ma, Jinyuan Lai, Kar Neng Tang, Sydney Chi-wai Potential Therapeutic Targets of Rehmannia Formulations on Diabetic Nephropathy: A Comparative Network Pharmacology Analysis |
title | Potential Therapeutic Targets of Rehmannia Formulations on Diabetic Nephropathy: A Comparative Network Pharmacology Analysis |
title_full | Potential Therapeutic Targets of Rehmannia Formulations on Diabetic Nephropathy: A Comparative Network Pharmacology Analysis |
title_fullStr | Potential Therapeutic Targets of Rehmannia Formulations on Diabetic Nephropathy: A Comparative Network Pharmacology Analysis |
title_full_unstemmed | Potential Therapeutic Targets of Rehmannia Formulations on Diabetic Nephropathy: A Comparative Network Pharmacology Analysis |
title_short | Potential Therapeutic Targets of Rehmannia Formulations on Diabetic Nephropathy: A Comparative Network Pharmacology Analysis |
title_sort | potential therapeutic targets of rehmannia formulations on diabetic nephropathy: a comparative network pharmacology analysis |
topic | Pharmacology |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8977554/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35387335 http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fphar.2022.794139 |
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