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Differences in muscle energy metabolism and metabolic flexibility between sarcopenic and nonsarcopenic older adults

BACKGROUND: Metabolic flexibility is the ability of skeletal muscle to adapt fuel utilization to the demand for fuel sources [carbohydrates (CHO) and fats (FAT)]. The purpose of this study was to explore muscle energy metabolism and metabolic flexibility under various conditions in sarcopenic (S) ve...

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Autores principales: Shoemaker, Marni E., Pereira, Suzette L., Mustad, Vikkie A., Gillen, Zachary M., McKay, Brianna D., Lopez‐Pedrosa, Jose M., Rueda, Ricardo, Cramer, Joel T.
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: John Wiley and Sons Inc. 2022
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8978004/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35178889
http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jcsm.12932
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author Shoemaker, Marni E.
Pereira, Suzette L.
Mustad, Vikkie A.
Gillen, Zachary M.
McKay, Brianna D.
Lopez‐Pedrosa, Jose M.
Rueda, Ricardo
Cramer, Joel T.
author_facet Shoemaker, Marni E.
Pereira, Suzette L.
Mustad, Vikkie A.
Gillen, Zachary M.
McKay, Brianna D.
Lopez‐Pedrosa, Jose M.
Rueda, Ricardo
Cramer, Joel T.
author_sort Shoemaker, Marni E.
collection PubMed
description BACKGROUND: Metabolic flexibility is the ability of skeletal muscle to adapt fuel utilization to the demand for fuel sources [carbohydrates (CHO) and fats (FAT)]. The purpose of this study was to explore muscle energy metabolism and metabolic flexibility under various conditions in sarcopenic (S) versus nonsarcopenic (NS) older adults. METHODS: Twenty‐two older adults aged 65 years or older were categorized as NS [n = 11; mean ± standard deviation (SD); age = 73.5 ± 6.0 years (males, n = 5; females, n = 6)] or S [n = 11; 81.2 ± 10.5 years (males, n = 6; females, n = 5) based on handgrip strength, body composition and physical performance. Indirect calorimetry was recorded before and after consumption of a high‐CHO meal and during aerobic and anaerobic exercise. Respiratory quotient (RQ), CHO and FAT oxidation were assessed. Venous blood samples were collected for glucose and insulin concentrations. RESULTS: At rest, compared with NS, S exhibited a 5–8% higher RQ at 0 (0.72 vs. 0.76) and 120 (0.77 vs. 0.82), 150 (0.76 vs. 0.80), and 180 min (0.74 vs. 0.80) (P = 0.002–0.025); 59–195% higher CHO oxidation at 0, 120, and 180 min (0.0004–0.002 vs. 0.001–0.002 g·min(−1)·kg(‐1)) (P = 0.010–0.047); and 20–31% lower FAT oxidation at 0, 15, and 90–180 min (0.0009–0.0022 vs. 0.0011–0.002 g·min(−1)·kg(−1)) (P = 0.004–0.038). Glucose levels were significantly elevated in S versus NS at 0, 60 and 75 min (144.64–202.78 vs. 107.70–134.20 mg·dL(−1)) but not insulin. During aerobic exercise, RQ was 5% greater (0.90 vs. 0.86) (P = 0.039), and FAT oxidation was 35% lower at 6–8 min (0.003 vs. 0.005 g·min(−1)·kg(−1)) (P = 0.033) in S versus NS. During anaerobic exercise, CHO oxidation was 31% greater in NS versus S at 60–80% time to exhaustion (0.011 vs. 0.007 g·min(−1)·kg(−1)) (P = 0.015). Per cent contribution to energy expenditure was greater in S for CHO but lower for FAT at 0 (CHO: 22% vs. 10%; FAT: 78% vs. 91%) and 120–180 min (CHO: 35–42% vs. 17–25%; FAT: 58–65% vs. 75%–84%) (P = 0.003–0.046) at rest and 6–8 min during aerobic exercise (CHO: 70% vs. 57%; FAT: 30% vs. 45%) (P = 0.046). CONCLUSIONS: The data show differences in skeletal muscle energy metabolism and substrate utilization between S and NS at rest, transitioning from fasted to fed state, and during exercise. Compared with NS, S displayed a diminished ability to adapt fuel utilization in response to feeding and exercise, reflecting metabolic inflexibility. Impaired metabolic flexibility could be a mechanism underlying the losses of strength and physical function accompanying sarcopenia.
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spelling pubmed-89780042022-04-05 Differences in muscle energy metabolism and metabolic flexibility between sarcopenic and nonsarcopenic older adults Shoemaker, Marni E. Pereira, Suzette L. Mustad, Vikkie A. Gillen, Zachary M. McKay, Brianna D. Lopez‐Pedrosa, Jose M. Rueda, Ricardo Cramer, Joel T. J Cachexia Sarcopenia Muscle Original Articles BACKGROUND: Metabolic flexibility is the ability of skeletal muscle to adapt fuel utilization to the demand for fuel sources [carbohydrates (CHO) and fats (FAT)]. The purpose of this study was to explore muscle energy metabolism and metabolic flexibility under various conditions in sarcopenic (S) versus nonsarcopenic (NS) older adults. METHODS: Twenty‐two older adults aged 65 years or older were categorized as NS [n = 11; mean ± standard deviation (SD); age = 73.5 ± 6.0 years (males, n = 5; females, n = 6)] or S [n = 11; 81.2 ± 10.5 years (males, n = 6; females, n = 5) based on handgrip strength, body composition and physical performance. Indirect calorimetry was recorded before and after consumption of a high‐CHO meal and during aerobic and anaerobic exercise. Respiratory quotient (RQ), CHO and FAT oxidation were assessed. Venous blood samples were collected for glucose and insulin concentrations. RESULTS: At rest, compared with NS, S exhibited a 5–8% higher RQ at 0 (0.72 vs. 0.76) and 120 (0.77 vs. 0.82), 150 (0.76 vs. 0.80), and 180 min (0.74 vs. 0.80) (P = 0.002–0.025); 59–195% higher CHO oxidation at 0, 120, and 180 min (0.0004–0.002 vs. 0.001–0.002 g·min(−1)·kg(‐1)) (P = 0.010–0.047); and 20–31% lower FAT oxidation at 0, 15, and 90–180 min (0.0009–0.0022 vs. 0.0011–0.002 g·min(−1)·kg(−1)) (P = 0.004–0.038). Glucose levels were significantly elevated in S versus NS at 0, 60 and 75 min (144.64–202.78 vs. 107.70–134.20 mg·dL(−1)) but not insulin. During aerobic exercise, RQ was 5% greater (0.90 vs. 0.86) (P = 0.039), and FAT oxidation was 35% lower at 6–8 min (0.003 vs. 0.005 g·min(−1)·kg(−1)) (P = 0.033) in S versus NS. During anaerobic exercise, CHO oxidation was 31% greater in NS versus S at 60–80% time to exhaustion (0.011 vs. 0.007 g·min(−1)·kg(−1)) (P = 0.015). Per cent contribution to energy expenditure was greater in S for CHO but lower for FAT at 0 (CHO: 22% vs. 10%; FAT: 78% vs. 91%) and 120–180 min (CHO: 35–42% vs. 17–25%; FAT: 58–65% vs. 75%–84%) (P = 0.003–0.046) at rest and 6–8 min during aerobic exercise (CHO: 70% vs. 57%; FAT: 30% vs. 45%) (P = 0.046). CONCLUSIONS: The data show differences in skeletal muscle energy metabolism and substrate utilization between S and NS at rest, transitioning from fasted to fed state, and during exercise. Compared with NS, S displayed a diminished ability to adapt fuel utilization in response to feeding and exercise, reflecting metabolic inflexibility. Impaired metabolic flexibility could be a mechanism underlying the losses of strength and physical function accompanying sarcopenia. John Wiley and Sons Inc. 2022-02-17 2022-04 /pmc/articles/PMC8978004/ /pubmed/35178889 http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jcsm.12932 Text en © 2022 The Authors. Journal of Cachexia, Sarcopenia and Muscle published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of Society on Sarcopenia, Cachexia and Wasting Disorders. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/This is an open access article under the terms of the http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/) License, which permits use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
spellingShingle Original Articles
Shoemaker, Marni E.
Pereira, Suzette L.
Mustad, Vikkie A.
Gillen, Zachary M.
McKay, Brianna D.
Lopez‐Pedrosa, Jose M.
Rueda, Ricardo
Cramer, Joel T.
Differences in muscle energy metabolism and metabolic flexibility between sarcopenic and nonsarcopenic older adults
title Differences in muscle energy metabolism and metabolic flexibility between sarcopenic and nonsarcopenic older adults
title_full Differences in muscle energy metabolism and metabolic flexibility between sarcopenic and nonsarcopenic older adults
title_fullStr Differences in muscle energy metabolism and metabolic flexibility between sarcopenic and nonsarcopenic older adults
title_full_unstemmed Differences in muscle energy metabolism and metabolic flexibility between sarcopenic and nonsarcopenic older adults
title_short Differences in muscle energy metabolism and metabolic flexibility between sarcopenic and nonsarcopenic older adults
title_sort differences in muscle energy metabolism and metabolic flexibility between sarcopenic and nonsarcopenic older adults
topic Original Articles
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8978004/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35178889
http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jcsm.12932
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