Pramlintide: An Amylin Analogue Protects Endothelial Cells against Oxidative Stress through Regulating Oxidative Markers and NF-κb Expression

BACKGROUND: Oxidative stress has a prominent role in the pathogenesis of diabetes complications. Pramlintide is an injectional amylin analogue used for the treatment of type 1 and type 2 diabetic patients. The present investigation evaluated the effect of pramlintide against oxidative damage induced by hydrogen peroxide (H(2)O(2)) in human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs). METHODS: Cell viability was assessed using 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide method. Hydroperoxides level, ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP), and expression of transcription factor NF-κB were measured in HUVECs that pretreated with pramlintide and, then exposed to H(2)O(2). RESULTS: Pramlintide significantly decreased the cytotoxicity caused by H(2)O(2) at the concentrations of 5 and 10 μg/mL. Pretreatment of HUVECs with pramlintide reduced hydroperoxides and increased FRAP value in intra- and extra-cellular mediums at different concentration ranges compared with H(2)O(2) stimulated cells. Pramlintide (10 μg/mL) remarkably ameliorated the expression of NF-κB gene after 1, 3 and 24 h exposure to H(2)O(2). CONCLUSIONS: Findings of the current investigation displayed that pramlintide may act as a protective against oxidative conditions in endothelial cells through modulation of oxidative markers and transcription factor NF-κB.