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Biofield Frequency Bands—Definitions and Group Differences

BACKGROUND: In the biofield literature, it is suggested that electromagnetic energy is part of the biofield. However, little is known about the exact definition of potential electromagnetic biofield frequency bands (FBs). Primary Study Objective: The current study sought to identify biofield FBs and...

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Autores principales: Rowold, Jens, Hewson, Paul D
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: SAGE Publications 2020
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8981232/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35392431
http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2164956120982568
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author Rowold, Jens
Hewson, Paul D
author_facet Rowold, Jens
Hewson, Paul D
author_sort Rowold, Jens
collection PubMed
description BACKGROUND: In the biofield literature, it is suggested that electromagnetic energy is part of the biofield. However, little is known about the exact definition of potential electromagnetic biofield frequency bands (FBs). Primary Study Objective: The current study sought to identify biofield FBs and test potential group differences. Methods/Design: High-frequency (i.e. >200 Hertz) voltage was measured at body parts along the spine and the brain. SETTING: Measurements were conducted in an electrically shielded laboratory. PARTICIPANTS: Twenty experienced biofield practitioners (BPs, sample 1) and twenty-four students (STs, sample 2) participated in the study. INTERVENTIONS: The BPs performed a wide set of biofield exercises, while the STs participated in an assessment centre (with exercises such as role play). A total of N = 342 exercises were performed. Primary Outcome Measures: Based on surface electromyography, high-frequency (i.e., >200 Hertz) voltage was utilized as outcome measure. RESULTS: 10 FBs were identified across all the data sets. The BPs had higher spectral power across these bands compared to the STs. CONCLUSION: The present paper presents a replicable method for the assessment of electromagnetic FBs which are potentially useful for future biofield research.
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spelling pubmed-89812322022-04-06 Biofield Frequency Bands—Definitions and Group Differences Rowold, Jens Hewson, Paul D Glob Adv Health Med Original Article BACKGROUND: In the biofield literature, it is suggested that electromagnetic energy is part of the biofield. However, little is known about the exact definition of potential electromagnetic biofield frequency bands (FBs). Primary Study Objective: The current study sought to identify biofield FBs and test potential group differences. Methods/Design: High-frequency (i.e. >200 Hertz) voltage was measured at body parts along the spine and the brain. SETTING: Measurements were conducted in an electrically shielded laboratory. PARTICIPANTS: Twenty experienced biofield practitioners (BPs, sample 1) and twenty-four students (STs, sample 2) participated in the study. INTERVENTIONS: The BPs performed a wide set of biofield exercises, while the STs participated in an assessment centre (with exercises such as role play). A total of N = 342 exercises were performed. Primary Outcome Measures: Based on surface electromyography, high-frequency (i.e., >200 Hertz) voltage was utilized as outcome measure. RESULTS: 10 FBs were identified across all the data sets. The BPs had higher spectral power across these bands compared to the STs. CONCLUSION: The present paper presents a replicable method for the assessment of electromagnetic FBs which are potentially useful for future biofield research. SAGE Publications 2020-12-24 /pmc/articles/PMC8981232/ /pubmed/35392431 http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2164956120982568 Text en © The Author(s) 2020 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/Creative Commons Non Commercial CC BY-NC: This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 License (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/) which permits non-commercial use, reproduction and distribution of the work without further permission provided the original work is attributed as specified on the SAGE and Open Access pages (https://us.sagepub.com/en-us/nam/open-access-at-sage).
spellingShingle Original Article
Rowold, Jens
Hewson, Paul D
Biofield Frequency Bands—Definitions and Group Differences
title Biofield Frequency Bands—Definitions and Group Differences
title_full Biofield Frequency Bands—Definitions and Group Differences
title_fullStr Biofield Frequency Bands—Definitions and Group Differences
title_full_unstemmed Biofield Frequency Bands—Definitions and Group Differences
title_short Biofield Frequency Bands—Definitions and Group Differences
title_sort biofield frequency bands—definitions and group differences
topic Original Article
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8981232/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35392431
http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2164956120982568
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