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Affective Valence and Enjoyment in High- and Moderate-High Intensity Interval Exercise. The Tromsø Exercise Enjoyment Study
INTRODUCTION: Exercise at high intensity may cause lower affective responses toward exercise compared with moderate intensity exercise. We aimed to elucidate affective valence and enjoyment in high- and moderate-high interval exercise. METHODS: Twenty recreationally active participants (9 females, 1...
Autores principales: | , , , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
Frontiers Media S.A.
2022
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8982257/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35391958 http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2022.825738 |
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author | Hammer, Tord Markussen Pedersen, Sigurd Pettersen, Svein Arne Rognmo, Kamilla Sagelv, Edvard H. |
author_facet | Hammer, Tord Markussen Pedersen, Sigurd Pettersen, Svein Arne Rognmo, Kamilla Sagelv, Edvard H. |
author_sort | Hammer, Tord Markussen |
collection | PubMed |
description | INTRODUCTION: Exercise at high intensity may cause lower affective responses toward exercise compared with moderate intensity exercise. We aimed to elucidate affective valence and enjoyment in high- and moderate-high interval exercise. METHODS: Twenty recreationally active participants (9 females, 11 males, age range: 20–51 years) underwent three different treadmill running exercise sessions per week over a 3-week period, in randomized order; (1) CE70: 45 min continuous exercise at 70% of heart rate maximum (HR(max)), (2) INT80: 4 × 4 min intervals at 80% of HR(max), (3) INT90: 4 × 4 min intervals at 90% of HR(max). Pre-tests included graded submaximal steady state intensities and a test to exhaustion for determining peak oxygen uptake and HR(max). Affective valence (pleasure/displeasure) was measured before, during and after the sessions using the Feeling Scale (FS). Enjoyment was assessed before and after the sessions applying the Physical Activity Enjoyment Scale (PACES) and during the sessions using the Exercise Enjoyment Scale (EES). RESULTS: The participants felt lower pleasure (between-sessions effect: p = 0.02, (p)η(2): 0.13) during INT90 sessions (FS: 1.08, 95% CI: 0.35–1.92) compared with INT80 (FS: 2.35, 95% CI: 1.62–3.08, p = 0.052) and CE70 sessions (FS: 2.45, 95% CI: 1.72–3.18, p = 0.03), with no differences between INT80 and CE70 sessions (p = 1.00). There were higher enjoyment after INT80 sessions (PACES: 101.5, 95% CI: 95.7–107.3) versus CE70 sessions (PACES: 91.3 95% CI: 85.5–97.1, p = 0.046), and no differences between INT90 (PACES: 98.2, 95% CI: 92.4–103.4) and CE70 (p = 0.29) or INT80 (p = 1.00). For enjoyment during exercise, CE70 were perceived more enjoyable, and INT80 and INT90 less enjoyable in week 2 (EES: week x session: p = 0.01, (p)η(2): 0.11; CE70: 4.3, 95% CI: 3.6–4.9, INT80: 4.6, 95% CI: 3.9–5.2, INT90: 4.0, 95% CI: 3.4–4.7) and 3 (EES: CE70: 4.2, 95% CI: 3.7–4.8, INT80: 4.8, 95% CI: 4.2–5.3, INT90: 4.3, 95% CI: 3.8–4.9) than in week 1 (EES: CE70: 3.5, 95% CI: 3.0–4.0, INT80: 5.0, 95% CI: 4.5–5.5, INT90: 4.5, 95% CI: 4.0–5.0). CONCLUSION: The negative affective consequences associated with high intensity interval exercise can be alleviated by keeping the intensity at or around 80% of HR(max) while preserving the beneficial enjoyment responses associated with interval exercise. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-8982257 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2022 |
publisher | Frontiers Media S.A. |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-89822572022-04-06 Affective Valence and Enjoyment in High- and Moderate-High Intensity Interval Exercise. The Tromsø Exercise Enjoyment Study Hammer, Tord Markussen Pedersen, Sigurd Pettersen, Svein Arne Rognmo, Kamilla Sagelv, Edvard H. Front Psychol Psychology INTRODUCTION: Exercise at high intensity may cause lower affective responses toward exercise compared with moderate intensity exercise. We aimed to elucidate affective valence and enjoyment in high- and moderate-high interval exercise. METHODS: Twenty recreationally active participants (9 females, 11 males, age range: 20–51 years) underwent three different treadmill running exercise sessions per week over a 3-week period, in randomized order; (1) CE70: 45 min continuous exercise at 70% of heart rate maximum (HR(max)), (2) INT80: 4 × 4 min intervals at 80% of HR(max), (3) INT90: 4 × 4 min intervals at 90% of HR(max). Pre-tests included graded submaximal steady state intensities and a test to exhaustion for determining peak oxygen uptake and HR(max). Affective valence (pleasure/displeasure) was measured before, during and after the sessions using the Feeling Scale (FS). Enjoyment was assessed before and after the sessions applying the Physical Activity Enjoyment Scale (PACES) and during the sessions using the Exercise Enjoyment Scale (EES). RESULTS: The participants felt lower pleasure (between-sessions effect: p = 0.02, (p)η(2): 0.13) during INT90 sessions (FS: 1.08, 95% CI: 0.35–1.92) compared with INT80 (FS: 2.35, 95% CI: 1.62–3.08, p = 0.052) and CE70 sessions (FS: 2.45, 95% CI: 1.72–3.18, p = 0.03), with no differences between INT80 and CE70 sessions (p = 1.00). There were higher enjoyment after INT80 sessions (PACES: 101.5, 95% CI: 95.7–107.3) versus CE70 sessions (PACES: 91.3 95% CI: 85.5–97.1, p = 0.046), and no differences between INT90 (PACES: 98.2, 95% CI: 92.4–103.4) and CE70 (p = 0.29) or INT80 (p = 1.00). For enjoyment during exercise, CE70 were perceived more enjoyable, and INT80 and INT90 less enjoyable in week 2 (EES: week x session: p = 0.01, (p)η(2): 0.11; CE70: 4.3, 95% CI: 3.6–4.9, INT80: 4.6, 95% CI: 3.9–5.2, INT90: 4.0, 95% CI: 3.4–4.7) and 3 (EES: CE70: 4.2, 95% CI: 3.7–4.8, INT80: 4.8, 95% CI: 4.2–5.3, INT90: 4.3, 95% CI: 3.8–4.9) than in week 1 (EES: CE70: 3.5, 95% CI: 3.0–4.0, INT80: 5.0, 95% CI: 4.5–5.5, INT90: 4.5, 95% CI: 4.0–5.0). CONCLUSION: The negative affective consequences associated with high intensity interval exercise can be alleviated by keeping the intensity at or around 80% of HR(max) while preserving the beneficial enjoyment responses associated with interval exercise. Frontiers Media S.A. 2022-03-22 /pmc/articles/PMC8982257/ /pubmed/35391958 http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2022.825738 Text en Copyright © 2022 Hammer, Pedersen, Pettersen, Rognmo and Sagelv. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms. |
spellingShingle | Psychology Hammer, Tord Markussen Pedersen, Sigurd Pettersen, Svein Arne Rognmo, Kamilla Sagelv, Edvard H. Affective Valence and Enjoyment in High- and Moderate-High Intensity Interval Exercise. The Tromsø Exercise Enjoyment Study |
title | Affective Valence and Enjoyment in High- and Moderate-High Intensity Interval Exercise. The Tromsø Exercise Enjoyment Study |
title_full | Affective Valence and Enjoyment in High- and Moderate-High Intensity Interval Exercise. The Tromsø Exercise Enjoyment Study |
title_fullStr | Affective Valence and Enjoyment in High- and Moderate-High Intensity Interval Exercise. The Tromsø Exercise Enjoyment Study |
title_full_unstemmed | Affective Valence and Enjoyment in High- and Moderate-High Intensity Interval Exercise. The Tromsø Exercise Enjoyment Study |
title_short | Affective Valence and Enjoyment in High- and Moderate-High Intensity Interval Exercise. The Tromsø Exercise Enjoyment Study |
title_sort | affective valence and enjoyment in high- and moderate-high intensity interval exercise. the tromsø exercise enjoyment study |
topic | Psychology |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8982257/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35391958 http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2022.825738 |
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