Eukaryotic mRNA Decapping Activation

The 5′-terminal cap is a fundamental determinant of eukaryotic gene expression which facilitates cap-dependent translation and protects mRNAs from exonucleolytic degradation. Enzyme-directed hydrolysis of the cap (decapping) decisively affects mRNA expression and turnover, and is a heavily regulated...

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Autores principales: Vidya, Elva, Duchaine, Thomas F.
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: Frontiers Media S.A. 2022
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8984151/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35401681
http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fgene.2022.832547
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author Vidya, Elva
Duchaine, Thomas F.
author_facet Vidya, Elva
Duchaine, Thomas F.
author_sort Vidya, Elva
collection PubMed
description The 5′-terminal cap is a fundamental determinant of eukaryotic gene expression which facilitates cap-dependent translation and protects mRNAs from exonucleolytic degradation. Enzyme-directed hydrolysis of the cap (decapping) decisively affects mRNA expression and turnover, and is a heavily regulated event. Following the identification of the decapping holoenzyme (Dcp1/2) over two decades ago, numerous studies revealed the complexity of decapping regulation across species and cell types. A conserved set of Dcp1/2-associated proteins, implicated in decapping activation and molecular scaffolding, were identified through genetic and molecular interaction studies, and yet their exact mechanisms of action are only emerging. In this review, we discuss the prevailing models on the roles and assembly of decapping co-factors, with considerations of conservation across species and comparison across physiological contexts. We next discuss the functional convergences of decapping machineries with other RNA-protein complexes in cytoplasmic P bodies and compare current views on their impact on mRNA stability and translation. Lastly, we review the current models of decapping activation and highlight important gaps in our current understanding.
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spelling pubmed-89841512022-04-07 Eukaryotic mRNA Decapping Activation Vidya, Elva Duchaine, Thomas F. Front Genet Genetics The 5′-terminal cap is a fundamental determinant of eukaryotic gene expression which facilitates cap-dependent translation and protects mRNAs from exonucleolytic degradation. Enzyme-directed hydrolysis of the cap (decapping) decisively affects mRNA expression and turnover, and is a heavily regulated event. Following the identification of the decapping holoenzyme (Dcp1/2) over two decades ago, numerous studies revealed the complexity of decapping regulation across species and cell types. A conserved set of Dcp1/2-associated proteins, implicated in decapping activation and molecular scaffolding, were identified through genetic and molecular interaction studies, and yet their exact mechanisms of action are only emerging. In this review, we discuss the prevailing models on the roles and assembly of decapping co-factors, with considerations of conservation across species and comparison across physiological contexts. We next discuss the functional convergences of decapping machineries with other RNA-protein complexes in cytoplasmic P bodies and compare current views on their impact on mRNA stability and translation. Lastly, we review the current models of decapping activation and highlight important gaps in our current understanding. Frontiers Media S.A. 2022-03-23 /pmc/articles/PMC8984151/ /pubmed/35401681 http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fgene.2022.832547 Text en Copyright © 2022 Vidya and Duchaine. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.
spellingShingle Genetics
Vidya, Elva
Duchaine, Thomas F.
Eukaryotic mRNA Decapping Activation
title Eukaryotic mRNA Decapping Activation
title_full Eukaryotic mRNA Decapping Activation
title_fullStr Eukaryotic mRNA Decapping Activation
title_full_unstemmed Eukaryotic mRNA Decapping Activation
title_short Eukaryotic mRNA Decapping Activation
title_sort eukaryotic mrna decapping activation
topic Genetics
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8984151/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35401681
http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fgene.2022.832547
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