Glucose hydrothermal encapsulation of carbonized silicone polyester to prepare anode materials for lithium batteries with improved cycle stability

A silicon polyester (Si-PET) was synthesized with ethylene glycol and phthalic anhydride, and then it was carbonized and hydrothermally coated with glucose. The formed SiO(x) with layered graphene as the 3D network had an amorphous carbon layer. The graphene oxide (rGO) after carbothermal reduction was completely retained in SiO(x), which improved the conductivity of the SiO(x) anode material. SiO(x) were encapsulated with a flexible amorphous carbon layer on the surface, which can not only improve the electrical performance, but also effectively relieve the huge volume changes of the compound. Further, the key point is that, the solid electrolyte interphase (SEI) film was mainly formed on the surface carbon layer. This would keep a stable SEI film during volume pulverization, and result in a good cycle stability. The SiO(x)/C-rGO material maintained a reversible capacity of 660 mA h g(−1) at a current density of 100 mA g(−1) for 100 cycles, a reversible capacity of 469.7 mA h g(−1) at a current density of 200 mA g(−1) for 300 cycles. The Coulomb efficiency was maintained at 98% except for the first cycle. After long cycling, the electrode expansion was 16%, which was much lower than those of silicon based materials. Therefore, this article provides a cheap, simple, and commercially valuable anode material for lithium batteries.