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ACE2 Serum Levels as Predictor of Infectability and Outcome in COVID-19

BACKGROUND: COVID‐19 can generate a broad spectrum of severity and symptoms. Many studies analysed the determinants of severity but not among some types of symptoms. More importantly, very few studies analysed patients highly exposed to the virus that nonetheless remain uninfected. METHODS: We analy...

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Autores principales: Maza, María del Carmen, Úbeda, María, Delgado, Pilar, Horndler, Lydia, Llamas, Miguel A., van Santen, Hisse M., Alarcón, Balbino, Abia, David, García-Bermejo, Laura, Serrano-Villar, Sergio, Bastolla, Ugo, Fresno, Manuel
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: Frontiers Media S.A. 2022
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8986157/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35401548
http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fimmu.2022.836516
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author Maza, María del Carmen
Úbeda, María
Delgado, Pilar
Horndler, Lydia
Llamas, Miguel A.
van Santen, Hisse M.
Alarcón, Balbino
Abia, David
García-Bermejo, Laura
Serrano-Villar, Sergio
Bastolla, Ugo
Fresno, Manuel
author_facet Maza, María del Carmen
Úbeda, María
Delgado, Pilar
Horndler, Lydia
Llamas, Miguel A.
van Santen, Hisse M.
Alarcón, Balbino
Abia, David
García-Bermejo, Laura
Serrano-Villar, Sergio
Bastolla, Ugo
Fresno, Manuel
author_sort Maza, María del Carmen
collection PubMed
description BACKGROUND: COVID‐19 can generate a broad spectrum of severity and symptoms. Many studies analysed the determinants of severity but not among some types of symptoms. More importantly, very few studies analysed patients highly exposed to the virus that nonetheless remain uninfected. METHODS: We analysed serum levels of ACE2, Angiotensin II and anti-Spike antibodies in 2 different cohorts at high risk of viral exposure, highly exposed but uninfected subjects, either high risk health care workers or persons cohabiting with infected close relatives and seropositive patients with symptoms. We tested the ability of the sera of these subjects to neutralize lentivirus pseudotyped with the Spike-protein. RESULTS: We found that the serum levels of ACE2 are significantly higher in highly exposed but uninfected subjects. Moreover, sera from this seronegative persons can neutralize SARS-CoV-2 infection in cellular assays more strongly that sera from non-exposed negative controls eventhough they do not have anti-CoV-2 IgG antibodies suggesting that high levels of ACE2 in serum may somewhat protect against an active infection without generating a conventional antibody response. Finally, we show that among patients with symptoms, ACE2 levels were significantly higher in infected patients who developed cutaneous as compared with respiratory symptoms and ACE2 was also higher in those with milder symptoms. CONCLUSIONS: These findings suggest that soluble ACE2 could be used as a potential biomarker to predict SARS-CoV-2 infection risk and to discriminate COVID-19 disease subtypes.
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spelling pubmed-89861572022-04-07 ACE2 Serum Levels as Predictor of Infectability and Outcome in COVID-19 Maza, María del Carmen Úbeda, María Delgado, Pilar Horndler, Lydia Llamas, Miguel A. van Santen, Hisse M. Alarcón, Balbino Abia, David García-Bermejo, Laura Serrano-Villar, Sergio Bastolla, Ugo Fresno, Manuel Front Immunol Immunology BACKGROUND: COVID‐19 can generate a broad spectrum of severity and symptoms. Many studies analysed the determinants of severity but not among some types of symptoms. More importantly, very few studies analysed patients highly exposed to the virus that nonetheless remain uninfected. METHODS: We analysed serum levels of ACE2, Angiotensin II and anti-Spike antibodies in 2 different cohorts at high risk of viral exposure, highly exposed but uninfected subjects, either high risk health care workers or persons cohabiting with infected close relatives and seropositive patients with symptoms. We tested the ability of the sera of these subjects to neutralize lentivirus pseudotyped with the Spike-protein. RESULTS: We found that the serum levels of ACE2 are significantly higher in highly exposed but uninfected subjects. Moreover, sera from this seronegative persons can neutralize SARS-CoV-2 infection in cellular assays more strongly that sera from non-exposed negative controls eventhough they do not have anti-CoV-2 IgG antibodies suggesting that high levels of ACE2 in serum may somewhat protect against an active infection without generating a conventional antibody response. Finally, we show that among patients with symptoms, ACE2 levels were significantly higher in infected patients who developed cutaneous as compared with respiratory symptoms and ACE2 was also higher in those with milder symptoms. CONCLUSIONS: These findings suggest that soluble ACE2 could be used as a potential biomarker to predict SARS-CoV-2 infection risk and to discriminate COVID-19 disease subtypes. Frontiers Media S.A. 2022-03-23 /pmc/articles/PMC8986157/ /pubmed/35401548 http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fimmu.2022.836516 Text en Copyright © 2022 Maza, Úbeda, Delgado, Horndler, Llamas, van Santen, Alarcón, Abia, García-Bermejo, Serrano-Villar, Bastolla and Fresno https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.
spellingShingle Immunology
Maza, María del Carmen
Úbeda, María
Delgado, Pilar
Horndler, Lydia
Llamas, Miguel A.
van Santen, Hisse M.
Alarcón, Balbino
Abia, David
García-Bermejo, Laura
Serrano-Villar, Sergio
Bastolla, Ugo
Fresno, Manuel
ACE2 Serum Levels as Predictor of Infectability and Outcome in COVID-19
title ACE2 Serum Levels as Predictor of Infectability and Outcome in COVID-19
title_full ACE2 Serum Levels as Predictor of Infectability and Outcome in COVID-19
title_fullStr ACE2 Serum Levels as Predictor of Infectability and Outcome in COVID-19
title_full_unstemmed ACE2 Serum Levels as Predictor of Infectability and Outcome in COVID-19
title_short ACE2 Serum Levels as Predictor of Infectability and Outcome in COVID-19
title_sort ace2 serum levels as predictor of infectability and outcome in covid-19
topic Immunology
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8986157/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35401548
http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fimmu.2022.836516
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