Preoperative quadriceps muscle strength deficit severity predicts knee function one year after anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction

Quadriceps strength is critical for patients with anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstruction; however, little is known about the relationship between preoperative quadriceps strength deficit and postoperative subjective knee functions. The study aimed to investigate the relationship between preoperative quadriceps strength and postoperative knee function in patients after ACL reconstruction. Seventy-five male patients with primary ACL reconstruction surgery with hamstring autografts between 2014 and 2017 were included. An isokinetic dynamometer assessed quadriceps strength while self-reported knee functions were measured by the International Knee Documentation Committee (IKDC) and Lysholm scores at baseline and 1 year after surgery. The three identified groups (Q1–Q3) were classified according to the preoperative quadriceps muscle strength deficit. Q1 were patients with < 25% quadriceps muscle strength deficit, Q2 showed a 25–45% deficit, and Q3 included those with a deficit > 45%. We compared knee functions between the three groups and examined the associations between preoperative variables and functional knee outcomes. The preoperative quadriceps muscle strength deficit had a negative association with the knee functional scores at 1 year follow-up including the IKDC score (r(s) = − 0.397, p = 0.005) and the Lysholm score (r(s) = − 0.454, p < 0.001), but not other factors. Furthermore, only the Q1 group, with < 25% deficit in preoperative quadriceps muscle strength, showed a significant correlation in postoperative IKDC score (r = − 0.462, p = 0.030), and Lysholm score (r = − 0.446, p = 0.038). Preoperative quadriceps muscle strength deficit had a significant negative relationship with postoperative function at 1 year following ACL reconstruction.