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The Proactive Synergy Between Action Observation and Execution in the Acquisition of New Motor Skills

Motor learning can be defined as a process that leads to relatively permanent changes in motor behavior through repeated interactions with the environment. Different strategies can be adopted to achieve motor learning: movements can be overtly practiced leading to an amelioration of motor performanc...

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Autores principales: Bazzini, Maria Chiara, Nuara, Arturo, Scalona, Emilia, De Marco, Doriana, Rizzolatti, Giacomo, Avanzini, Pietro, Fabbri-Destro, Maddalena
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: Frontiers Media S.A. 2022
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8986982/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35399362
http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fnhum.2022.793849
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author Bazzini, Maria Chiara
Nuara, Arturo
Scalona, Emilia
De Marco, Doriana
Rizzolatti, Giacomo
Avanzini, Pietro
Fabbri-Destro, Maddalena
author_facet Bazzini, Maria Chiara
Nuara, Arturo
Scalona, Emilia
De Marco, Doriana
Rizzolatti, Giacomo
Avanzini, Pietro
Fabbri-Destro, Maddalena
author_sort Bazzini, Maria Chiara
collection PubMed
description Motor learning can be defined as a process that leads to relatively permanent changes in motor behavior through repeated interactions with the environment. Different strategies can be adopted to achieve motor learning: movements can be overtly practiced leading to an amelioration of motor performance; alternatively, covert strategies (e.g., action observation) can promote neuroplastic changes in the motor system even in the absence of real movement execution. However, whether a training regularly alternating action observation and execution (i.e., Action Observation Training, AOT) may surpass the pure motor practice (MP) and observational learning (OL) remains to be established. To address this issue, we enrolled 54 subjects requiring them to learn tying nautical knots via one out of three types of training (AOT, MP, OL) with the scope to investigate which element mostly contributes to motor learning. We evaluated the overall improvement of each group, along with the predictive role that neuropsychological indexes exert on each treatment outcome. The AOT group exhibited the highest performance improvement (42%), indicating that the regular alternation between observation and execution biases participants toward a better performance. The reiteration of this sequence provides an incremental, adjunct value that super-adds onto the efficacy of motor practice or observational learning in isolation (42% > 25% + 10%, i.e., OL + MP). These findings extend the use of the AOT from clinical and rehabilitative contexts to daily routines requiring the learning and perfectioning of new motor skills such as sports training, music, and occupational activities requiring fine motor control.
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spelling pubmed-89869822022-04-08 The Proactive Synergy Between Action Observation and Execution in the Acquisition of New Motor Skills Bazzini, Maria Chiara Nuara, Arturo Scalona, Emilia De Marco, Doriana Rizzolatti, Giacomo Avanzini, Pietro Fabbri-Destro, Maddalena Front Hum Neurosci Human Neuroscience Motor learning can be defined as a process that leads to relatively permanent changes in motor behavior through repeated interactions with the environment. Different strategies can be adopted to achieve motor learning: movements can be overtly practiced leading to an amelioration of motor performance; alternatively, covert strategies (e.g., action observation) can promote neuroplastic changes in the motor system even in the absence of real movement execution. However, whether a training regularly alternating action observation and execution (i.e., Action Observation Training, AOT) may surpass the pure motor practice (MP) and observational learning (OL) remains to be established. To address this issue, we enrolled 54 subjects requiring them to learn tying nautical knots via one out of three types of training (AOT, MP, OL) with the scope to investigate which element mostly contributes to motor learning. We evaluated the overall improvement of each group, along with the predictive role that neuropsychological indexes exert on each treatment outcome. The AOT group exhibited the highest performance improvement (42%), indicating that the regular alternation between observation and execution biases participants toward a better performance. The reiteration of this sequence provides an incremental, adjunct value that super-adds onto the efficacy of motor practice or observational learning in isolation (42% > 25% + 10%, i.e., OL + MP). These findings extend the use of the AOT from clinical and rehabilitative contexts to daily routines requiring the learning and perfectioning of new motor skills such as sports training, music, and occupational activities requiring fine motor control. Frontiers Media S.A. 2022-03-24 /pmc/articles/PMC8986982/ /pubmed/35399362 http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fnhum.2022.793849 Text en Copyright © 2022 Bazzini, Nuara, Scalona, De Marco, Rizzolatti, Avanzini and Fabbri-Destro. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.
spellingShingle Human Neuroscience
Bazzini, Maria Chiara
Nuara, Arturo
Scalona, Emilia
De Marco, Doriana
Rizzolatti, Giacomo
Avanzini, Pietro
Fabbri-Destro, Maddalena
The Proactive Synergy Between Action Observation and Execution in the Acquisition of New Motor Skills
title The Proactive Synergy Between Action Observation and Execution in the Acquisition of New Motor Skills
title_full The Proactive Synergy Between Action Observation and Execution in the Acquisition of New Motor Skills
title_fullStr The Proactive Synergy Between Action Observation and Execution in the Acquisition of New Motor Skills
title_full_unstemmed The Proactive Synergy Between Action Observation and Execution in the Acquisition of New Motor Skills
title_short The Proactive Synergy Between Action Observation and Execution in the Acquisition of New Motor Skills
title_sort proactive synergy between action observation and execution in the acquisition of new motor skills
topic Human Neuroscience
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8986982/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35399362
http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fnhum.2022.793849
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