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Flagella at the Host-Microbe Interface: Key Functions Intersect With Redundant Responses
Many bacteria and other microbes achieve locomotion via flagella, which are organelles that function as a swimming motor. Depending on the environment, flagellar motility can serve a variety of beneficial functions and confer a fitness advantage. For example, within a mammalian host, flagellar motil...
Autores principales: | , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
Frontiers Media S.A.
2022
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Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8987104/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35401545 http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fimmu.2022.828758 |
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author | Akahoshi, Douglas T. Bevins, Charles L. |
author_facet | Akahoshi, Douglas T. Bevins, Charles L. |
author_sort | Akahoshi, Douglas T. |
collection | PubMed |
description | Many bacteria and other microbes achieve locomotion via flagella, which are organelles that function as a swimming motor. Depending on the environment, flagellar motility can serve a variety of beneficial functions and confer a fitness advantage. For example, within a mammalian host, flagellar motility can provide bacteria the ability to resist clearance by flow, facilitate access to host epithelial cells, and enable travel to nutrient niches. From the host’s perspective, the mobility that flagella impart to bacteria can be associated with harmful activities that can disrupt homeostasis, such as invasion of epithelial cells, translocation across epithelial barriers, and biofilm formation, which ultimately can decrease a host’s reproductive fitness from a perspective of natural selection. Thus, over an evolutionary timescale, the host developed a repertoire of innate and adaptive immune countermeasures that target and mitigate this microbial threat. These countermeasures are wide-ranging and include structural components of the mucosa that maintain spatial segregation of bacteria from the epithelium, mechanisms of molecular recognition and inducible responses to flagellin, and secreted effector molecules of the innate and adaptive immune systems that directly inhibit flagellar motility. While much of our understanding of the dynamics of host-microbe interaction regarding flagella is derived from studies of enteric bacterial pathogens where flagella are a recognized virulence factor, newer studies have delved into host interaction with flagellated members of the commensal microbiota during homeostasis. Even though many aspects of flagellar motility may seem innocuous, the host’s redundant efforts to stop bacteria in their tracks highlights the importance of this host-microbe interaction. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-8987104 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2022 |
publisher | Frontiers Media S.A. |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-89871042022-04-08 Flagella at the Host-Microbe Interface: Key Functions Intersect With Redundant Responses Akahoshi, Douglas T. Bevins, Charles L. Front Immunol Immunology Many bacteria and other microbes achieve locomotion via flagella, which are organelles that function as a swimming motor. Depending on the environment, flagellar motility can serve a variety of beneficial functions and confer a fitness advantage. For example, within a mammalian host, flagellar motility can provide bacteria the ability to resist clearance by flow, facilitate access to host epithelial cells, and enable travel to nutrient niches. From the host’s perspective, the mobility that flagella impart to bacteria can be associated with harmful activities that can disrupt homeostasis, such as invasion of epithelial cells, translocation across epithelial barriers, and biofilm formation, which ultimately can decrease a host’s reproductive fitness from a perspective of natural selection. Thus, over an evolutionary timescale, the host developed a repertoire of innate and adaptive immune countermeasures that target and mitigate this microbial threat. These countermeasures are wide-ranging and include structural components of the mucosa that maintain spatial segregation of bacteria from the epithelium, mechanisms of molecular recognition and inducible responses to flagellin, and secreted effector molecules of the innate and adaptive immune systems that directly inhibit flagellar motility. While much of our understanding of the dynamics of host-microbe interaction regarding flagella is derived from studies of enteric bacterial pathogens where flagella are a recognized virulence factor, newer studies have delved into host interaction with flagellated members of the commensal microbiota during homeostasis. Even though many aspects of flagellar motility may seem innocuous, the host’s redundant efforts to stop bacteria in their tracks highlights the importance of this host-microbe interaction. Frontiers Media S.A. 2022-03-24 /pmc/articles/PMC8987104/ /pubmed/35401545 http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fimmu.2022.828758 Text en Copyright © 2022 Akahoshi and Bevins https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms. |
spellingShingle | Immunology Akahoshi, Douglas T. Bevins, Charles L. Flagella at the Host-Microbe Interface: Key Functions Intersect With Redundant Responses |
title | Flagella at the Host-Microbe Interface: Key Functions Intersect With Redundant Responses |
title_full | Flagella at the Host-Microbe Interface: Key Functions Intersect With Redundant Responses |
title_fullStr | Flagella at the Host-Microbe Interface: Key Functions Intersect With Redundant Responses |
title_full_unstemmed | Flagella at the Host-Microbe Interface: Key Functions Intersect With Redundant Responses |
title_short | Flagella at the Host-Microbe Interface: Key Functions Intersect With Redundant Responses |
title_sort | flagella at the host-microbe interface: key functions intersect with redundant responses |
topic | Immunology |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8987104/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35401545 http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fimmu.2022.828758 |
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