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Healthy versus Unhealthy Adipose Tissue Expansion: the Role of Exercise

Although the hallmark of obesity is the expansion of adipose tissue, not all adipose tissue expansion is the same. Expansion of healthy adipose tissue is accompanied by adequate capillary angiogenesis and mitochondria-centered metabolic integrity, whereas expansion of unhealthy adipose tissue is ass...

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Autores principales: Meister, Benjamin M., Hong, Soon-Gook, Shin, Junchul, Rath, Meghan, Sayoc, Jacqueline, Park, Joon-Young
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: Korean Society for the Study of Obesity 2022
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8987461/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35283364
http://dx.doi.org/10.7570/jomes21096
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author Meister, Benjamin M.
Hong, Soon-Gook
Shin, Junchul
Rath, Meghan
Sayoc, Jacqueline
Park, Joon-Young
author_facet Meister, Benjamin M.
Hong, Soon-Gook
Shin, Junchul
Rath, Meghan
Sayoc, Jacqueline
Park, Joon-Young
author_sort Meister, Benjamin M.
collection PubMed
description Although the hallmark of obesity is the expansion of adipose tissue, not all adipose tissue expansion is the same. Expansion of healthy adipose tissue is accompanied by adequate capillary angiogenesis and mitochondria-centered metabolic integrity, whereas expansion of unhealthy adipose tissue is associated with capillary and mitochondrial derangement, resulting in deposition of immune cells (M1-stage macrophages) and excess production of pro-inflammatory cytokines. Accumulation of these dysfunctional adipose tissues has been linked to the development of obesity comorbidities, such as type 2 diabetes, hypertension, dyslipidemia, and cardiovascular disease, which are leading causes of human mortality and morbidity in modern society. Mechanistically, vascular rarefaction and mitochondrial incompetency (for example, low mitochondrial content, fragmented mitochondria, defective mitochondrial respiratory function, and excess production of mitochondrial reactive oxygen species) are frequently observed in adipose tissue of obese patients. Recent studies have demonstrated that exercise is a potent behavioral intervention for preventing and reducing obesity and other metabolic diseases. However, our understanding of potential cellular mechanisms of exercise, which promote healthy adipose tissue expansion, is at the beginning stage. In this review, we hypothesize that exercise can induce unique physiological stimuli that can alter angiogenesis and mitochondrial remodeling in adipose tissues and ultimately promote the development and progression of healthy adipogenesis. We summarize recent reports on how regular exercise can impose differential processes that lead to the formation of either healthy or unhealthy adipose tissue and discuss key knowledge gaps that warrant future research.
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spelling pubmed-89874612022-04-13 Healthy versus Unhealthy Adipose Tissue Expansion: the Role of Exercise Meister, Benjamin M. Hong, Soon-Gook Shin, Junchul Rath, Meghan Sayoc, Jacqueline Park, Joon-Young J Obes Metab Syndr Review Although the hallmark of obesity is the expansion of adipose tissue, not all adipose tissue expansion is the same. Expansion of healthy adipose tissue is accompanied by adequate capillary angiogenesis and mitochondria-centered metabolic integrity, whereas expansion of unhealthy adipose tissue is associated with capillary and mitochondrial derangement, resulting in deposition of immune cells (M1-stage macrophages) and excess production of pro-inflammatory cytokines. Accumulation of these dysfunctional adipose tissues has been linked to the development of obesity comorbidities, such as type 2 diabetes, hypertension, dyslipidemia, and cardiovascular disease, which are leading causes of human mortality and morbidity in modern society. Mechanistically, vascular rarefaction and mitochondrial incompetency (for example, low mitochondrial content, fragmented mitochondria, defective mitochondrial respiratory function, and excess production of mitochondrial reactive oxygen species) are frequently observed in adipose tissue of obese patients. Recent studies have demonstrated that exercise is a potent behavioral intervention for preventing and reducing obesity and other metabolic diseases. However, our understanding of potential cellular mechanisms of exercise, which promote healthy adipose tissue expansion, is at the beginning stage. In this review, we hypothesize that exercise can induce unique physiological stimuli that can alter angiogenesis and mitochondrial remodeling in adipose tissues and ultimately promote the development and progression of healthy adipogenesis. We summarize recent reports on how regular exercise can impose differential processes that lead to the formation of either healthy or unhealthy adipose tissue and discuss key knowledge gaps that warrant future research. Korean Society for the Study of Obesity 2022-03-30 2022-03-14 /pmc/articles/PMC8987461/ /pubmed/35283364 http://dx.doi.org/10.7570/jomes21096 Text en Copyright © 2022 Korean Society for the Study of Obesity https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0 (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/) ) which permits unrestricted non-commercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
spellingShingle Review
Meister, Benjamin M.
Hong, Soon-Gook
Shin, Junchul
Rath, Meghan
Sayoc, Jacqueline
Park, Joon-Young
Healthy versus Unhealthy Adipose Tissue Expansion: the Role of Exercise
title Healthy versus Unhealthy Adipose Tissue Expansion: the Role of Exercise
title_full Healthy versus Unhealthy Adipose Tissue Expansion: the Role of Exercise
title_fullStr Healthy versus Unhealthy Adipose Tissue Expansion: the Role of Exercise
title_full_unstemmed Healthy versus Unhealthy Adipose Tissue Expansion: the Role of Exercise
title_short Healthy versus Unhealthy Adipose Tissue Expansion: the Role of Exercise
title_sort healthy versus unhealthy adipose tissue expansion: the role of exercise
topic Review
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8987461/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35283364
http://dx.doi.org/10.7570/jomes21096
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