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Spread of Respiratory Pathogens During the COVID-19 Pandemic Among Children in the Northeast of Italy
The social distancing measures adopted during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic led to a profound change in the behavioral habits of the population. This study analyzes the impact of restriction measures on the shaping of the epidemiology of common winter respiratory pathogens in the...
Autores principales: | , , , , , , , , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
Frontiers Media S.A.
2022
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8988150/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35401434 http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fmicb.2022.804700 |
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author | Cason, Carolina Zamagni, Giulia Cozzi, Giorgio Tonegutto, Davide Ronfani, Luca Oretti, Chiara De Manzini, Andrea Barbi, Egidio Comar, Manola Amaddeo, Alessandro |
author_facet | Cason, Carolina Zamagni, Giulia Cozzi, Giorgio Tonegutto, Davide Ronfani, Luca Oretti, Chiara De Manzini, Andrea Barbi, Egidio Comar, Manola Amaddeo, Alessandro |
author_sort | Cason, Carolina |
collection | PubMed |
description | The social distancing measures adopted during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic led to a profound change in the behavioral habits of the population. This study analyzes the impact of restriction measures on the shaping of the epidemiology of common winter respiratory pathogens in the pediatric population of northeast of Italy. From August 2020 to March 2021, a total of 1,227 nasopharyngeal swabs from symptomatic pediatric patients were tested for the presence of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), influenza A and B, adenovirus, other coronaviruses, parainfluenza virus 1–4, enterovirus, bocavirus, metapneumovirus, respiratory syncytial virus, rhinovirus, Bordetella pertussis, Bordetella parapertussis, and Mycoplasma pneumoniae. To relate virus positivity with the clinic characteristics of the subjects enrolled, multinomial logistic models were estimated. SARS-CoV-2 was detected in 5.2% of the children; fever resulted as risk factor for infection [relative risk ratio (RRR) = 2.88, p = 0.034]. Rhinovirus was detected in the 40.7% of the subjects, with cough and rhinitis as risk factors (respectively, RRR = 1.79, p = 0.001 and RRR = 1.53, p = 0.018). Other coronaviruses were found in 10.8% of children and were associated to pharyngodynia (RRR = 4.94, p < 0.001). Adenovirus, observed in 11.6% of subjects, showed to have fever as risk factor (RRR = 6.44, p < 0.001). Bocavirus was detected in 3.2% of children. In conclusion, our results showed that social isolation measures had an impact on the circulation of RSV and influenza, although children under the age of 2 were most affected by the other respiratory infections. Therefore, this study highlights the need for continuing surveillance for a delayed spread of RSV and other respiratory pathogens. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-8988150 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2022 |
publisher | Frontiers Media S.A. |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-89881502022-04-08 Spread of Respiratory Pathogens During the COVID-19 Pandemic Among Children in the Northeast of Italy Cason, Carolina Zamagni, Giulia Cozzi, Giorgio Tonegutto, Davide Ronfani, Luca Oretti, Chiara De Manzini, Andrea Barbi, Egidio Comar, Manola Amaddeo, Alessandro Front Microbiol Microbiology The social distancing measures adopted during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic led to a profound change in the behavioral habits of the population. This study analyzes the impact of restriction measures on the shaping of the epidemiology of common winter respiratory pathogens in the pediatric population of northeast of Italy. From August 2020 to March 2021, a total of 1,227 nasopharyngeal swabs from symptomatic pediatric patients were tested for the presence of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), influenza A and B, adenovirus, other coronaviruses, parainfluenza virus 1–4, enterovirus, bocavirus, metapneumovirus, respiratory syncytial virus, rhinovirus, Bordetella pertussis, Bordetella parapertussis, and Mycoplasma pneumoniae. To relate virus positivity with the clinic characteristics of the subjects enrolled, multinomial logistic models were estimated. SARS-CoV-2 was detected in 5.2% of the children; fever resulted as risk factor for infection [relative risk ratio (RRR) = 2.88, p = 0.034]. Rhinovirus was detected in the 40.7% of the subjects, with cough and rhinitis as risk factors (respectively, RRR = 1.79, p = 0.001 and RRR = 1.53, p = 0.018). Other coronaviruses were found in 10.8% of children and were associated to pharyngodynia (RRR = 4.94, p < 0.001). Adenovirus, observed in 11.6% of subjects, showed to have fever as risk factor (RRR = 6.44, p < 0.001). Bocavirus was detected in 3.2% of children. In conclusion, our results showed that social isolation measures had an impact on the circulation of RSV and influenza, although children under the age of 2 were most affected by the other respiratory infections. Therefore, this study highlights the need for continuing surveillance for a delayed spread of RSV and other respiratory pathogens. Frontiers Media S.A. 2022-03-24 /pmc/articles/PMC8988150/ /pubmed/35401434 http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fmicb.2022.804700 Text en Copyright © 2022 Cason, Zamagni, Cozzi, Tonegutto, Ronfani, Oretti, De Manzini, Barbi, Comar and Amaddeo. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms. |
spellingShingle | Microbiology Cason, Carolina Zamagni, Giulia Cozzi, Giorgio Tonegutto, Davide Ronfani, Luca Oretti, Chiara De Manzini, Andrea Barbi, Egidio Comar, Manola Amaddeo, Alessandro Spread of Respiratory Pathogens During the COVID-19 Pandemic Among Children in the Northeast of Italy |
title | Spread of Respiratory Pathogens During the COVID-19 Pandemic Among Children in the Northeast of Italy |
title_full | Spread of Respiratory Pathogens During the COVID-19 Pandemic Among Children in the Northeast of Italy |
title_fullStr | Spread of Respiratory Pathogens During the COVID-19 Pandemic Among Children in the Northeast of Italy |
title_full_unstemmed | Spread of Respiratory Pathogens During the COVID-19 Pandemic Among Children in the Northeast of Italy |
title_short | Spread of Respiratory Pathogens During the COVID-19 Pandemic Among Children in the Northeast of Italy |
title_sort | spread of respiratory pathogens during the covid-19 pandemic among children in the northeast of italy |
topic | Microbiology |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8988150/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35401434 http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fmicb.2022.804700 |
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