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Prognostics and Clinical Outcomes in Patients Diagnosed With Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia in King Abdulaziz University Hospital, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
Background Acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) is a hematological cancer that causes an accumulation of immature cells in the bone marrow. The count of white blood cells (WBCs) is an independent predictor of survival. Integrating first-line treatment, such as intensive chemotherapy, with prognostic f...
Autores principales: | , , , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
Cureus
2022
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8988899/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35411280 http://dx.doi.org/10.7759/cureus.22952 |
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author | Alghamdi, Ashwaq T Alead, Joud E Darwish, Eman G Matasif, Shahad T Qari, Mohamad H |
author_facet | Alghamdi, Ashwaq T Alead, Joud E Darwish, Eman G Matasif, Shahad T Qari, Mohamad H |
author_sort | Alghamdi, Ashwaq T |
collection | PubMed |
description | Background Acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) is a hematological cancer that causes an accumulation of immature cells in the bone marrow. The count of white blood cells (WBCs) is an independent predictor of survival. Integrating first-line treatment, such as intensive chemotherapy, with prognostic factors aids in developing critical therapeutic decisions and improving long-term outcomes. This study evaluated several prognostics such as age, WBCs, ALL cell subtypes, and absolute WBC counts. Methods This study involved a retrospective record review and was conducted by scanning the medical records of all individuals who developed ALL and were on chemotherapy at a teaching Hospital in Jeddah between 2012 and 2018. The data entry was done using Microsoft Excel, while the analysis was done using SPSS Version 21. To test any associations, frequency and measure of central tendencies, t-test, and chi-square test were used. Results A total of 98 of ALL patients were on chemotherapy, and 18 were excluded. Thus, 80 patients were analyzed. The mean age for all patients was 13.6 years (range: 0.6-26.6 years), and the most frequent ages were less than 18 years (90%). More than half of them (62.5%) were males. The majority of the patients were Bangladeshi, Pakistani, Indian, Afghan, Indonesian, and Myanmar (37.7%), and the least were Saudi (3.8%). B subtype (75.9%) was more common than T subtype (24.1%). The first remission after treatment was in 66 patients, with a mean of 6.86 years. There was a significant adverse relationship between the ability of patients to reach the first remission and WBC count (p = 0.032). There was strong significant negative correlation between absolute lymphocyte count (ALC) and survival duration after treatment (r = -0.669; p = 0.012). Conclusions The impact regarding age and WBC is almost like most previous studies. ALC shows a strong poor prognosis, while ALL cell subtypes demonstrate a contradictory prognosis effect. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-8988899 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2022 |
publisher | Cureus |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-89888992022-04-10 Prognostics and Clinical Outcomes in Patients Diagnosed With Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia in King Abdulaziz University Hospital, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia Alghamdi, Ashwaq T Alead, Joud E Darwish, Eman G Matasif, Shahad T Qari, Mohamad H Cureus Internal Medicine Background Acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) is a hematological cancer that causes an accumulation of immature cells in the bone marrow. The count of white blood cells (WBCs) is an independent predictor of survival. Integrating first-line treatment, such as intensive chemotherapy, with prognostic factors aids in developing critical therapeutic decisions and improving long-term outcomes. This study evaluated several prognostics such as age, WBCs, ALL cell subtypes, and absolute WBC counts. Methods This study involved a retrospective record review and was conducted by scanning the medical records of all individuals who developed ALL and were on chemotherapy at a teaching Hospital in Jeddah between 2012 and 2018. The data entry was done using Microsoft Excel, while the analysis was done using SPSS Version 21. To test any associations, frequency and measure of central tendencies, t-test, and chi-square test were used. Results A total of 98 of ALL patients were on chemotherapy, and 18 were excluded. Thus, 80 patients were analyzed. The mean age for all patients was 13.6 years (range: 0.6-26.6 years), and the most frequent ages were less than 18 years (90%). More than half of them (62.5%) were males. The majority of the patients were Bangladeshi, Pakistani, Indian, Afghan, Indonesian, and Myanmar (37.7%), and the least were Saudi (3.8%). B subtype (75.9%) was more common than T subtype (24.1%). The first remission after treatment was in 66 patients, with a mean of 6.86 years. There was a significant adverse relationship between the ability of patients to reach the first remission and WBC count (p = 0.032). There was strong significant negative correlation between absolute lymphocyte count (ALC) and survival duration after treatment (r = -0.669; p = 0.012). Conclusions The impact regarding age and WBC is almost like most previous studies. ALC shows a strong poor prognosis, while ALL cell subtypes demonstrate a contradictory prognosis effect. Cureus 2022-03-08 /pmc/articles/PMC8988899/ /pubmed/35411280 http://dx.doi.org/10.7759/cureus.22952 Text en Copyright © 2022, Alghamdi et al. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited. |
spellingShingle | Internal Medicine Alghamdi, Ashwaq T Alead, Joud E Darwish, Eman G Matasif, Shahad T Qari, Mohamad H Prognostics and Clinical Outcomes in Patients Diagnosed With Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia in King Abdulaziz University Hospital, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia |
title | Prognostics and Clinical Outcomes in Patients Diagnosed With Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia in King Abdulaziz University Hospital, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia |
title_full | Prognostics and Clinical Outcomes in Patients Diagnosed With Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia in King Abdulaziz University Hospital, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia |
title_fullStr | Prognostics and Clinical Outcomes in Patients Diagnosed With Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia in King Abdulaziz University Hospital, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia |
title_full_unstemmed | Prognostics and Clinical Outcomes in Patients Diagnosed With Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia in King Abdulaziz University Hospital, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia |
title_short | Prognostics and Clinical Outcomes in Patients Diagnosed With Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia in King Abdulaziz University Hospital, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia |
title_sort | prognostics and clinical outcomes in patients diagnosed with acute lymphoblastic leukemia in king abdulaziz university hospital, jeddah, saudi arabia |
topic | Internal Medicine |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8988899/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35411280 http://dx.doi.org/10.7759/cureus.22952 |
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