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Bacterial and Fungal Adaptations in Cecum and Distal Colon of Piglets Fed With Dairy-Based Milk Formula in Comparison With Human Milk

Exclusive breastfeeding is recommended to newborns during the first 6 months of life, whereas dairy-based infant formula is an alternative nutrition source offered to infants. Several studies demonstrated that breastfed infants have a different gut bacterial composition relative to formula-fed infan...

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Autores principales: Elolimy, Ahmed, Rosa, Fernanda, Tripp, Patricia, Zeineldin, Mohamed, Bowlin, Anne K., Randolph, Christopher, Robeson, Michael S., Yeruva, Laxmi
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: Frontiers Media S.A. 2022
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8989072/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35401465
http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fmicb.2022.801854
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author Elolimy, Ahmed
Rosa, Fernanda
Tripp, Patricia
Zeineldin, Mohamed
Bowlin, Anne K.
Randolph, Christopher
Robeson, Michael S.
Yeruva, Laxmi
author_facet Elolimy, Ahmed
Rosa, Fernanda
Tripp, Patricia
Zeineldin, Mohamed
Bowlin, Anne K.
Randolph, Christopher
Robeson, Michael S.
Yeruva, Laxmi
author_sort Elolimy, Ahmed
collection PubMed
description Exclusive breastfeeding is recommended to newborns during the first 6 months of life, whereas dairy-based infant formula is an alternative nutrition source offered to infants. Several studies demonstrated that breastfed infants have a different gut bacterial composition relative to formula-fed infants. In addition, animal models have shown that human milk (HM)–fed piglets had a distinct intestinal bacterial composition compared with milk formula (MF)–fed piglets. However, the gut fungal composition and the interactions with the bacterial community in breastfed compared with formula-fed infants remain to be investigated. In an attempt to evaluate such differences, we used an animal model to perform a shotgun metagenomics analysis on the cecal and distal colon contents of neonatal piglets fed with pasteurized HM or a dairy-based infant formula (MF) during the first 21 days of life. At postnatal day 21 (PND 21), a subset of piglets from each diet group (n = 11 per group) was euthanized. The remaining piglets in each group were weaned to a solid diet and euthanized at PND 51 (n = 13 per group). Large intestine contents (i.e., cecum and distal colon) were subjected to shotgun metagenomics analysis. The differential taxonomic composition of bacteria and fungi and the predicted functional gene profiling were evaluated. Bacteroidetes, Firmicutes, Proteobacteria, and Actinobacteria are the most abundant bacterial phyla observed in piglets at PND 21 and PND 51. In the large intestine at PND 21 and PND 51, Proteobacteria phylum was significantly higher in MF-fed group, and species Burkholderiales bacterium of phyla was significantly higher in MF group relative to HM group. In addition, in HM group, several Lactobacillus spp. and Bacteroides spp. were higher relative to MF group in the large intestine at PND 21 and PND 51. Fungal genus Aspergillus was higher in MF, whereas Malassezia was lower relative to HM group. Persistent effects of the neonatal diets were observed at PND 51, where alpha- and beta-diversity differences were detected for bacterial and fungal species in the large intestine. Overall, our findings indicate that neonatal diet affects the large intestinal microbial community during the exclusive milk-feeding period, as well as after the introduction of the complementary food.
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spelling pubmed-89890722022-04-08 Bacterial and Fungal Adaptations in Cecum and Distal Colon of Piglets Fed With Dairy-Based Milk Formula in Comparison With Human Milk Elolimy, Ahmed Rosa, Fernanda Tripp, Patricia Zeineldin, Mohamed Bowlin, Anne K. Randolph, Christopher Robeson, Michael S. Yeruva, Laxmi Front Microbiol Microbiology Exclusive breastfeeding is recommended to newborns during the first 6 months of life, whereas dairy-based infant formula is an alternative nutrition source offered to infants. Several studies demonstrated that breastfed infants have a different gut bacterial composition relative to formula-fed infants. In addition, animal models have shown that human milk (HM)–fed piglets had a distinct intestinal bacterial composition compared with milk formula (MF)–fed piglets. However, the gut fungal composition and the interactions with the bacterial community in breastfed compared with formula-fed infants remain to be investigated. In an attempt to evaluate such differences, we used an animal model to perform a shotgun metagenomics analysis on the cecal and distal colon contents of neonatal piglets fed with pasteurized HM or a dairy-based infant formula (MF) during the first 21 days of life. At postnatal day 21 (PND 21), a subset of piglets from each diet group (n = 11 per group) was euthanized. The remaining piglets in each group were weaned to a solid diet and euthanized at PND 51 (n = 13 per group). Large intestine contents (i.e., cecum and distal colon) were subjected to shotgun metagenomics analysis. The differential taxonomic composition of bacteria and fungi and the predicted functional gene profiling were evaluated. Bacteroidetes, Firmicutes, Proteobacteria, and Actinobacteria are the most abundant bacterial phyla observed in piglets at PND 21 and PND 51. In the large intestine at PND 21 and PND 51, Proteobacteria phylum was significantly higher in MF-fed group, and species Burkholderiales bacterium of phyla was significantly higher in MF group relative to HM group. In addition, in HM group, several Lactobacillus spp. and Bacteroides spp. were higher relative to MF group in the large intestine at PND 21 and PND 51. Fungal genus Aspergillus was higher in MF, whereas Malassezia was lower relative to HM group. Persistent effects of the neonatal diets were observed at PND 51, where alpha- and beta-diversity differences were detected for bacterial and fungal species in the large intestine. Overall, our findings indicate that neonatal diet affects the large intestinal microbial community during the exclusive milk-feeding period, as well as after the introduction of the complementary food. Frontiers Media S.A. 2022-03-23 /pmc/articles/PMC8989072/ /pubmed/35401465 http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fmicb.2022.801854 Text en Copyright © 2022 Elolimy, Rosa, Tripp, Zeineldin, Bowlin, Randolph, Robeson and Yeruva. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.
spellingShingle Microbiology
Elolimy, Ahmed
Rosa, Fernanda
Tripp, Patricia
Zeineldin, Mohamed
Bowlin, Anne K.
Randolph, Christopher
Robeson, Michael S.
Yeruva, Laxmi
Bacterial and Fungal Adaptations in Cecum and Distal Colon of Piglets Fed With Dairy-Based Milk Formula in Comparison With Human Milk
title Bacterial and Fungal Adaptations in Cecum and Distal Colon of Piglets Fed With Dairy-Based Milk Formula in Comparison With Human Milk
title_full Bacterial and Fungal Adaptations in Cecum and Distal Colon of Piglets Fed With Dairy-Based Milk Formula in Comparison With Human Milk
title_fullStr Bacterial and Fungal Adaptations in Cecum and Distal Colon of Piglets Fed With Dairy-Based Milk Formula in Comparison With Human Milk
title_full_unstemmed Bacterial and Fungal Adaptations in Cecum and Distal Colon of Piglets Fed With Dairy-Based Milk Formula in Comparison With Human Milk
title_short Bacterial and Fungal Adaptations in Cecum and Distal Colon of Piglets Fed With Dairy-Based Milk Formula in Comparison With Human Milk
title_sort bacterial and fungal adaptations in cecum and distal colon of piglets fed with dairy-based milk formula in comparison with human milk
topic Microbiology
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8989072/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35401465
http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fmicb.2022.801854
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