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Persistent Overactive Cytotoxic Immune Response in a Spanish Cohort of Individuals With Long-COVID: Identification of Diagnostic Biomarkers
Long-COVID is a new emerging syndrome worldwide that is characterized by the persistence of unresolved signs and symptoms of COVID-19 more than 4 weeks after the infection and even after more than 12 weeks. The underlying mechanisms for Long-COVID are still undefined, but a sustained inflammatory re...
Autores principales: | , , , , , , , , , , , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
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Frontiers Media S.A.
2022
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8990790/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35401523 http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fimmu.2022.848886 |
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author | Galán, Miguel Vigón, Lorena Fuertes, Daniel Murciano-Antón, María Aránzazu Casado-Fernández, Guiomar Domínguez-Mateos, Susana Mateos, Elena Ramos-Martín, Fernando Planelles, Vicente Torres, Montserrat Rodríguez-Mora, Sara López-Huertas, María Rosa Coiras, Mayte |
author_facet | Galán, Miguel Vigón, Lorena Fuertes, Daniel Murciano-Antón, María Aránzazu Casado-Fernández, Guiomar Domínguez-Mateos, Susana Mateos, Elena Ramos-Martín, Fernando Planelles, Vicente Torres, Montserrat Rodríguez-Mora, Sara López-Huertas, María Rosa Coiras, Mayte |
author_sort | Galán, Miguel |
collection | PubMed |
description | Long-COVID is a new emerging syndrome worldwide that is characterized by the persistence of unresolved signs and symptoms of COVID-19 more than 4 weeks after the infection and even after more than 12 weeks. The underlying mechanisms for Long-COVID are still undefined, but a sustained inflammatory response caused by the persistence of SARS-CoV-2 in organ and tissue sanctuaries or resemblance with an autoimmune disease are within the most considered hypotheses. In this study, we analyzed the usefulness of several demographic, clinical, and immunological parameters as diagnostic biomarkers of Long-COVID in one cohort of Spanish individuals who presented signs and symptoms of this syndrome after 49 weeks post-infection, in comparison with individuals who recovered completely in the first 12 weeks after the infection. We determined that individuals with Long-COVID showed significantly increased levels of functional memory cells with high antiviral cytotoxic activity such as CD8(+) TEMRA cells, CD8(±)TCRγδ(+) cells, and NK cells with CD56(+)CD57(+)NKG2C(+) phenotype. The persistence of these long-lasting cytotoxic populations was supported by enhanced levels of CD4(+) Tregs and the expression of the exhaustion marker PD-1 on the surface of CD3(+) T lymphocytes. With the use of these immune parameters and significant clinical features such as lethargy, pleuritic chest pain, and dermatological injuries, as well as demographic factors such as female gender and O(+) blood type, a Random Forest algorithm predicted the assignment of the participants in the Long-COVID group with 100% accuracy. The definition of the most accurate diagnostic biomarkers could be helpful to detect the development of Long-COVID and to improve the clinical management of these patients. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-8990790 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2022 |
publisher | Frontiers Media S.A. |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-89907902022-04-09 Persistent Overactive Cytotoxic Immune Response in a Spanish Cohort of Individuals With Long-COVID: Identification of Diagnostic Biomarkers Galán, Miguel Vigón, Lorena Fuertes, Daniel Murciano-Antón, María Aránzazu Casado-Fernández, Guiomar Domínguez-Mateos, Susana Mateos, Elena Ramos-Martín, Fernando Planelles, Vicente Torres, Montserrat Rodríguez-Mora, Sara López-Huertas, María Rosa Coiras, Mayte Front Immunol Immunology Long-COVID is a new emerging syndrome worldwide that is characterized by the persistence of unresolved signs and symptoms of COVID-19 more than 4 weeks after the infection and even after more than 12 weeks. The underlying mechanisms for Long-COVID are still undefined, but a sustained inflammatory response caused by the persistence of SARS-CoV-2 in organ and tissue sanctuaries or resemblance with an autoimmune disease are within the most considered hypotheses. In this study, we analyzed the usefulness of several demographic, clinical, and immunological parameters as diagnostic biomarkers of Long-COVID in one cohort of Spanish individuals who presented signs and symptoms of this syndrome after 49 weeks post-infection, in comparison with individuals who recovered completely in the first 12 weeks after the infection. We determined that individuals with Long-COVID showed significantly increased levels of functional memory cells with high antiviral cytotoxic activity such as CD8(+) TEMRA cells, CD8(±)TCRγδ(+) cells, and NK cells with CD56(+)CD57(+)NKG2C(+) phenotype. The persistence of these long-lasting cytotoxic populations was supported by enhanced levels of CD4(+) Tregs and the expression of the exhaustion marker PD-1 on the surface of CD3(+) T lymphocytes. With the use of these immune parameters and significant clinical features such as lethargy, pleuritic chest pain, and dermatological injuries, as well as demographic factors such as female gender and O(+) blood type, a Random Forest algorithm predicted the assignment of the participants in the Long-COVID group with 100% accuracy. The definition of the most accurate diagnostic biomarkers could be helpful to detect the development of Long-COVID and to improve the clinical management of these patients. Frontiers Media S.A. 2022-03-25 /pmc/articles/PMC8990790/ /pubmed/35401523 http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fimmu.2022.848886 Text en Copyright © 2022 Galán, Vigón, Fuertes, Murciano-Antón, Casado-Fernández, Domínguez-Mateos, Mateos, Ramos-Martín, Planelles, Torres, Rodríguez-Mora, López-Huertas and Coiras https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms. |
spellingShingle | Immunology Galán, Miguel Vigón, Lorena Fuertes, Daniel Murciano-Antón, María Aránzazu Casado-Fernández, Guiomar Domínguez-Mateos, Susana Mateos, Elena Ramos-Martín, Fernando Planelles, Vicente Torres, Montserrat Rodríguez-Mora, Sara López-Huertas, María Rosa Coiras, Mayte Persistent Overactive Cytotoxic Immune Response in a Spanish Cohort of Individuals With Long-COVID: Identification of Diagnostic Biomarkers |
title | Persistent Overactive Cytotoxic Immune Response in a Spanish Cohort of Individuals With Long-COVID: Identification of Diagnostic Biomarkers |
title_full | Persistent Overactive Cytotoxic Immune Response in a Spanish Cohort of Individuals With Long-COVID: Identification of Diagnostic Biomarkers |
title_fullStr | Persistent Overactive Cytotoxic Immune Response in a Spanish Cohort of Individuals With Long-COVID: Identification of Diagnostic Biomarkers |
title_full_unstemmed | Persistent Overactive Cytotoxic Immune Response in a Spanish Cohort of Individuals With Long-COVID: Identification of Diagnostic Biomarkers |
title_short | Persistent Overactive Cytotoxic Immune Response in a Spanish Cohort of Individuals With Long-COVID: Identification of Diagnostic Biomarkers |
title_sort | persistent overactive cytotoxic immune response in a spanish cohort of individuals with long-covid: identification of diagnostic biomarkers |
topic | Immunology |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8990790/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35401523 http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fimmu.2022.848886 |
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