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Dietary Supplements as a Major Cause of Anti-doping Rule Violations
Dietary supplements encompass a large heterogenic group of products with a wide range of ingredients and declared effects used by athletes for a multitude of reasons. The high prevalence of use across all sports and level of competition, combined with the well-documented risks of such products conta...
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
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Frontiers Media S.A.
2022
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Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8990797/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35399596 http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fspor.2022.868228 |
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author | Lauritzen, Fredrik |
author_facet | Lauritzen, Fredrik |
author_sort | Lauritzen, Fredrik |
collection | PubMed |
description | Dietary supplements encompass a large heterogenic group of products with a wide range of ingredients and declared effects used by athletes for a multitude of reasons. The high prevalence of use across all sports and level of competition, combined with the well-documented risks of such products containing prohibited substances have led to several doping cases globally. Despite being a considerable concern and persistent focus of sport organizations and anti-doping agencies, the magnitude of anti-doping rule violations associated with supplement use is not well-known. This study examines 18-years of doping controls of a national anti-doping program to determine the relationship between the presence of prohibited substances in athlete's doping samples and the use of dietary supplements. In 26% (n = 49) of all the analytical anti-doping rule violation cases in the period 2003–2020 (n = 192), the athlete claimed that a dietary supplement was the source of the prohibited substance causing an adverse analytical finding. Evidence supporting this claim was found in about half of these cases (n = 27, i.e., 14% of all analytical ADRV's). Stimulants were the most prevalent substance group linked to supplements (n = 24), of which methylhexanamine was associated with 16 cases. High risk products were predominantly multi-ingredient pre-workout supplements (n = 20) and fat-burning products (n = 4). Anti-doping organizations should develop strategies on how to assist athletes to assess the need, assess the risk and assess the consequences of using various dietary supplements. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-8990797 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2022 |
publisher | Frontiers Media S.A. |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-89907972022-04-09 Dietary Supplements as a Major Cause of Anti-doping Rule Violations Lauritzen, Fredrik Front Sports Act Living Sports and Active Living Dietary supplements encompass a large heterogenic group of products with a wide range of ingredients and declared effects used by athletes for a multitude of reasons. The high prevalence of use across all sports and level of competition, combined with the well-documented risks of such products containing prohibited substances have led to several doping cases globally. Despite being a considerable concern and persistent focus of sport organizations and anti-doping agencies, the magnitude of anti-doping rule violations associated with supplement use is not well-known. This study examines 18-years of doping controls of a national anti-doping program to determine the relationship between the presence of prohibited substances in athlete's doping samples and the use of dietary supplements. In 26% (n = 49) of all the analytical anti-doping rule violation cases in the period 2003–2020 (n = 192), the athlete claimed that a dietary supplement was the source of the prohibited substance causing an adverse analytical finding. Evidence supporting this claim was found in about half of these cases (n = 27, i.e., 14% of all analytical ADRV's). Stimulants were the most prevalent substance group linked to supplements (n = 24), of which methylhexanamine was associated with 16 cases. High risk products were predominantly multi-ingredient pre-workout supplements (n = 20) and fat-burning products (n = 4). Anti-doping organizations should develop strategies on how to assist athletes to assess the need, assess the risk and assess the consequences of using various dietary supplements. Frontiers Media S.A. 2022-03-25 /pmc/articles/PMC8990797/ /pubmed/35399596 http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fspor.2022.868228 Text en Copyright © 2022 Lauritzen. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms. |
spellingShingle | Sports and Active Living Lauritzen, Fredrik Dietary Supplements as a Major Cause of Anti-doping Rule Violations |
title | Dietary Supplements as a Major Cause of Anti-doping Rule Violations |
title_full | Dietary Supplements as a Major Cause of Anti-doping Rule Violations |
title_fullStr | Dietary Supplements as a Major Cause of Anti-doping Rule Violations |
title_full_unstemmed | Dietary Supplements as a Major Cause of Anti-doping Rule Violations |
title_short | Dietary Supplements as a Major Cause of Anti-doping Rule Violations |
title_sort | dietary supplements as a major cause of anti-doping rule violations |
topic | Sports and Active Living |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8990797/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35399596 http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fspor.2022.868228 |
work_keys_str_mv | AT lauritzenfredrik dietarysupplementsasamajorcauseofantidopingruleviolations |