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Sleep Facilitates Extraction of Temporal Regularities With Varying Timescales

Evidence suggests that memory consolidation is facilitated by sleep, both through the strengthening of existing memories and by extracting regularities embedded in those memories. We previously observed that one sleep stage, Slow-Wave sleep (SWS), is particularly involved in the extraction of tempor...

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Autores principales: Lerner, Itamar, Gluck, Mark A.
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: Frontiers Media S.A. 2022
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8990849/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35401133
http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fnbeh.2022.847083
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author Lerner, Itamar
Gluck, Mark A.
author_facet Lerner, Itamar
Gluck, Mark A.
author_sort Lerner, Itamar
collection PubMed
description Evidence suggests that memory consolidation is facilitated by sleep, both through the strengthening of existing memories and by extracting regularities embedded in those memories. We previously observed that one sleep stage, Slow-Wave sleep (SWS), is particularly involved in the extraction of temporal regularities. We suggested that this attribute can naturally stem from the time-compressed memory replay known to occur in the hippocampus during SWS. A prediction coming out of this “temporal scaffolding” hypothesis is that sleep would be especially influential on extraction of temporal regularities when the time gap between the events constituting the regularities is shortish. In this study, we tested this prediction. Eighty-three participants performed a cognitive task in which hidden temporal regularities of varying time gaps were embedded. Detecting these regularities could significantly improve performance. Participants performed the task in two sessions with an interval filled with either wake or sleep in between. We found that sleep improved performance across all time gaps and that the longer the gap had been, the smaller was the improvement across both sleep and wake. No interaction between sleep and gap size was observed; however, unlike sleeping participants, awake participants did not exhibit any further performance improvement for the long gaps following the interval. In addition, across all participants, performance for the long gaps was associated with the development of conscious awareness to the regularities. We discuss these results in light of the temporal scaffolding hypothesis and suggest future directions to further elucidate the mechanisms involved.
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spelling pubmed-89908492022-04-09 Sleep Facilitates Extraction of Temporal Regularities With Varying Timescales Lerner, Itamar Gluck, Mark A. Front Behav Neurosci Neuroscience Evidence suggests that memory consolidation is facilitated by sleep, both through the strengthening of existing memories and by extracting regularities embedded in those memories. We previously observed that one sleep stage, Slow-Wave sleep (SWS), is particularly involved in the extraction of temporal regularities. We suggested that this attribute can naturally stem from the time-compressed memory replay known to occur in the hippocampus during SWS. A prediction coming out of this “temporal scaffolding” hypothesis is that sleep would be especially influential on extraction of temporal regularities when the time gap between the events constituting the regularities is shortish. In this study, we tested this prediction. Eighty-three participants performed a cognitive task in which hidden temporal regularities of varying time gaps were embedded. Detecting these regularities could significantly improve performance. Participants performed the task in two sessions with an interval filled with either wake or sleep in between. We found that sleep improved performance across all time gaps and that the longer the gap had been, the smaller was the improvement across both sleep and wake. No interaction between sleep and gap size was observed; however, unlike sleeping participants, awake participants did not exhibit any further performance improvement for the long gaps following the interval. In addition, across all participants, performance for the long gaps was associated with the development of conscious awareness to the regularities. We discuss these results in light of the temporal scaffolding hypothesis and suggest future directions to further elucidate the mechanisms involved. Frontiers Media S.A. 2022-03-25 /pmc/articles/PMC8990849/ /pubmed/35401133 http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fnbeh.2022.847083 Text en Copyright © 2022 Lerner and Gluck. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.
spellingShingle Neuroscience
Lerner, Itamar
Gluck, Mark A.
Sleep Facilitates Extraction of Temporal Regularities With Varying Timescales
title Sleep Facilitates Extraction of Temporal Regularities With Varying Timescales
title_full Sleep Facilitates Extraction of Temporal Regularities With Varying Timescales
title_fullStr Sleep Facilitates Extraction of Temporal Regularities With Varying Timescales
title_full_unstemmed Sleep Facilitates Extraction of Temporal Regularities With Varying Timescales
title_short Sleep Facilitates Extraction of Temporal Regularities With Varying Timescales
title_sort sleep facilitates extraction of temporal regularities with varying timescales
topic Neuroscience
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8990849/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35401133
http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fnbeh.2022.847083
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