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RNA-seq coupling two different methods of castration reveals new insights into androgen deficiency-caused degeneration of submaxillary gland in male Sprague Dawley rats

BACKGROUND: Salivary gland (SMG) degeneration and dysfunction are common symptoms that occur after sex hormone deprivation, but the underlying mechanisms remain largely unknown. Additionally, immunocastration, which causes drop of sex hormones, has been developed as an alternative to surgical castra...

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Autores principales: Han, Xingfa, Xia, Xue, Zhuo, Yong, Hua, Lun, Yu, Guozhi, Bu, Guixian, Cao, Xiaohan, Du, XiaoGang, Liang, Qiuxia, Zeng, Xianyin, Meng, Fengyan
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: BioMed Central 2022
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8991617/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35392803
http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s12864-022-08521-9
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author Han, Xingfa
Xia, Xue
Zhuo, Yong
Hua, Lun
Yu, Guozhi
Bu, Guixian
Cao, Xiaohan
Du, XiaoGang
Liang, Qiuxia
Zeng, Xianyin
Meng, Fengyan
author_facet Han, Xingfa
Xia, Xue
Zhuo, Yong
Hua, Lun
Yu, Guozhi
Bu, Guixian
Cao, Xiaohan
Du, XiaoGang
Liang, Qiuxia
Zeng, Xianyin
Meng, Fengyan
author_sort Han, Xingfa
collection PubMed
description BACKGROUND: Salivary gland (SMG) degeneration and dysfunction are common symptoms that occur after sex hormone deprivation, but the underlying mechanisms remain largely unknown. Additionally, immunocastration, which causes drop of sex hormones, has been developed as an alternative to surgical castration, however whether it exerts similar effects as surgical castration on the salivary glands is unknown. Through histological and RNA-seq analysis, we assessed changes in morphology and transcriptome of SMG in response to immunocastration (IM) versus surgical castration (bilateral orchiectomy, ORC). RESULTS: Compared to entire males (EM), ORC caused severe degeneration of SMG in rats, as evidenced by both decreased (P < 0.01) SMG weight and organ index, and by decreased (P < 0.01) quantity of SMG acini and ducts. IM had minimal effects (P > 0.05) on SMG weight and organ index, but it still caused degeneration (P < 0.05) of the acini and ducts. Even though, the quantity of both SMG acini and ducts was much higher (P < 0.001) in IM than in ORC. Functional enrichment analysis of the common regulated genes by ORC/IM revealed disrupted epithelial cell development, angiogenesis, anatomical structure morphogenesis and enhanced cell death are associated with SMG degeneration in deprivation of androgens. Integrated data analysis shown that there existed a selective hyperfunction of SMG ribosome and mitochondrion in ORC but not in IM, which might be associated with more severe degeneration of SMG in ORC than in IM. CONCLUSIONS: Our findings suggested that both surgical castration and immunocastration caused SMG degeneration by disrupting epithelial cell development, angiogenesis, anatomical structure morphogenesis and enhancing cell death. But, surgical castration selectively induced hyperfunction of SMG ribosome and mitochondrion, thus causing more severe degeneration of SMG than immunocastration. SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION: The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12864-022-08521-9.
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spelling pubmed-89916172022-04-09 RNA-seq coupling two different methods of castration reveals new insights into androgen deficiency-caused degeneration of submaxillary gland in male Sprague Dawley rats Han, Xingfa Xia, Xue Zhuo, Yong Hua, Lun Yu, Guozhi Bu, Guixian Cao, Xiaohan Du, XiaoGang Liang, Qiuxia Zeng, Xianyin Meng, Fengyan BMC Genomics Research BACKGROUND: Salivary gland (SMG) degeneration and dysfunction are common symptoms that occur after sex hormone deprivation, but the underlying mechanisms remain largely unknown. Additionally, immunocastration, which causes drop of sex hormones, has been developed as an alternative to surgical castration, however whether it exerts similar effects as surgical castration on the salivary glands is unknown. Through histological and RNA-seq analysis, we assessed changes in morphology and transcriptome of SMG in response to immunocastration (IM) versus surgical castration (bilateral orchiectomy, ORC). RESULTS: Compared to entire males (EM), ORC caused severe degeneration of SMG in rats, as evidenced by both decreased (P < 0.01) SMG weight and organ index, and by decreased (P < 0.01) quantity of SMG acini and ducts. IM had minimal effects (P > 0.05) on SMG weight and organ index, but it still caused degeneration (P < 0.05) of the acini and ducts. Even though, the quantity of both SMG acini and ducts was much higher (P < 0.001) in IM than in ORC. Functional enrichment analysis of the common regulated genes by ORC/IM revealed disrupted epithelial cell development, angiogenesis, anatomical structure morphogenesis and enhanced cell death are associated with SMG degeneration in deprivation of androgens. Integrated data analysis shown that there existed a selective hyperfunction of SMG ribosome and mitochondrion in ORC but not in IM, which might be associated with more severe degeneration of SMG in ORC than in IM. CONCLUSIONS: Our findings suggested that both surgical castration and immunocastration caused SMG degeneration by disrupting epithelial cell development, angiogenesis, anatomical structure morphogenesis and enhancing cell death. But, surgical castration selectively induced hyperfunction of SMG ribosome and mitochondrion, thus causing more severe degeneration of SMG than immunocastration. SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION: The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12864-022-08521-9. BioMed Central 2022-04-07 /pmc/articles/PMC8991617/ /pubmed/35392803 http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s12864-022-08521-9 Text en © The Author(s) 2022 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Open AccessThis article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/) . The Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication waiver (http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/ (https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/) ) applies to the data made available in this article, unless otherwise stated in a credit line to the data.
spellingShingle Research
Han, Xingfa
Xia, Xue
Zhuo, Yong
Hua, Lun
Yu, Guozhi
Bu, Guixian
Cao, Xiaohan
Du, XiaoGang
Liang, Qiuxia
Zeng, Xianyin
Meng, Fengyan
RNA-seq coupling two different methods of castration reveals new insights into androgen deficiency-caused degeneration of submaxillary gland in male Sprague Dawley rats
title RNA-seq coupling two different methods of castration reveals new insights into androgen deficiency-caused degeneration of submaxillary gland in male Sprague Dawley rats
title_full RNA-seq coupling two different methods of castration reveals new insights into androgen deficiency-caused degeneration of submaxillary gland in male Sprague Dawley rats
title_fullStr RNA-seq coupling two different methods of castration reveals new insights into androgen deficiency-caused degeneration of submaxillary gland in male Sprague Dawley rats
title_full_unstemmed RNA-seq coupling two different methods of castration reveals new insights into androgen deficiency-caused degeneration of submaxillary gland in male Sprague Dawley rats
title_short RNA-seq coupling two different methods of castration reveals new insights into androgen deficiency-caused degeneration of submaxillary gland in male Sprague Dawley rats
title_sort rna-seq coupling two different methods of castration reveals new insights into androgen deficiency-caused degeneration of submaxillary gland in male sprague dawley rats
topic Research
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8991617/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35392803
http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s12864-022-08521-9
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